The following is a module with functions which demonstrates how to search for a target value in a rotated sorted array using C#.

There is an integer array nums sorted in ascending order (with distinct values).

Prior to being passed to your function, nums is possibly rotated at an unknown pivot index k (1 <= k < nums.length) such that the resulting array is [nums[k], nums[k+1], …, nums[n-1], nums[0], nums[1], …, nums[k-1]] (0-indexed). For example, [0,1,2,4,5,6,7] might be rotated at pivot index 3 and become [4,5,6,7,0,1,2].

Given the array nums after the possible rotation and an integer target, return the index of target if it is in nums, or -1 if it is not in nums.

You must write an algorithm with O(log n) runtime complexity.

Example 1:


Input: nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 0
Output: 4


Example 2:


Input: nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 3
Output: -1


Example 3:


Input: nums = [1], target = 0
Output: -1


The following is a solution which demonstrates how to search for a target value in a rotated sorted array.

The idea of this solution is to use binary search, and for each loop iteration we compare the midpoint element with the right side of the array to determine the search area of where the target element might be.

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output for the example cases:


4
-1
-1