Monthly Archives: February 2012

C++ || Cash Register Simulation – Display The Total Sales Amount In Dollars & Cents Using Modulus

The following is a simple program which demonstrates more use of the modulus (%) function to manipulate integer data.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Modulus
Type Casting - Int
The Value Of U.S Currency

This program first prompts the user to enter in a monetary amount into the system. This number can be a decimal number, or a whole number. Once the user enters in an amount, the program will use the modulus operator to determine exactly how many 1 dollar bills, quarters, dimes, nickles, and pennies consisted of the amount that the user entered into the program. So for example, if the user entered the value of 2.34, the program would display the result of 2 dollars, 1 quarters, 0 dimes, 1 nickels, and 4 pennies.


QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output
(Note: the code was compile three separate times to display different output)

====== RUN 1 ======

Enter the total sales amount in dollars & cents (for example 19.87): 19.87

The amount of $19.87 consists of:
19 dollar(s)
3 quarter(s)
1 dime(s)
0 nickel(s)
2 pennie(s)

====== RUN 2 ======

Enter the total sales amount in dollars & cents (for example 19.87): 11.93

The amount of $11.93 consists of:
11 dollar(s)
3 quarter(s)
1 dime(s)
1 nickel(s)
3 pennie(s)

====== RUN 3 ======

Enter the total sales amount in dollars & cents (for example 19.87): 3.00

The amount of $3 consists of:
3 dollar(s)
0 quarter(s)
0 dime(s)
0 nickel(s)
0 pennie(s)

C++ || Char Array – Palindrome Checker Using A Character Array, ToUpper, Strlen, Strcpy, & Strcmp

The following is a palindrome checking program, which demonstrates more use of char array’s, ToUpper, Strlen, & Strcmp.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Character Arrays
Cin.getline
How to convert text in a char array from lower to uppercase
How to reverse a character array
Palindrome - What is it?
Strlen
Strcpy
Strcmp
While Loops
For Loops
Constant Variables
Setw

Using a constant value, by default, this program first asks the user to enter 5 words and/or sentences that they want to compare for similarity. If the text which was entered into the program is a palindrome, the program will prompt a message to the user via cout. This program determines similarity by using the strcmp function, to compare two arrays together. This program also demonstrates how to reverse a character array, aswell as demonstrates how to convert all the text which was placed into the char array from lower to UPPERCASE.

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

Click here to see how cin.getline works.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output
(Note: The code was compiled 2 seperate times to demonstrate different output)

====== RUN 1 ======

Welcome to the Palindrome Check System!
Please enter 5 word(s) to check for similarity:
#1: SteP oN nO PEts
#2: My ProGramminG NoTeS
#3: RaTs liVE ON No eViL StaR
#4: ABLe wAs I ErE I sAw ElBa
#5: LiVE Non Evil

------------------------------------------------------------
This is what you entered into the system:
Text #1: SteP oN nO PEts
Text #2: My ProGramminG NoTeS
Text #3: RaTs liVE ON No eViL StaR
Text #4: ABLe wAs I ErE I sAw ElBa
Text #5: LiVE Non Evil

------------------------------------------------------------
Here are the palindrome's:
Text #1: SteP oN nO PEts is a palindrome
Text #3: RaTs liVE ON No eViL StaR is a palindrome
Text #4: ABLe wAs I ErE I sAw ElBa is a palindrome
Text #5: LiVE Non Evil is a palindrome

====== RUN 2 ======

Welcome to the Palindrome Check System!
Please enter 5 word(s) to check for similarity:
#1: today Is Great
#2: Tomorrow is Foriegn
#3: Sunday Brunch
#4: Hello SkiPper
#5: Mayday Ship DowN!

------------------------------------------------------------
This is what you entered into the system:
Text #1: today Is Great
Text #2: Tomorrow is Foriegn
Text #3: Sunday Brunch
Text #4: Hello SkiPper
Text #5: Mayday Ship DowN!

------------------------------------------------------------
Here are the palindrome's:
There were no palindrome's found in the current list!

C++ || Char Array – Convert Text Contained In A Character Array From Lower To UPPERCASE

This program demonstrates how to switch text which is contained in a char array from lower to UPPERCASE. This program also demonstrates how to convert all of the text contained in a char array to lower/UPPERCASE.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Character Arrays
Cin.getline
Islower
Isupper
Tolower
Toupper
Strlen
While Loops
For Loops
Constant Variables
Setw

Using a constant integer value, this program first asks the user to enter in 3 lines of text they wish to convert from lower to UPPERCASE. Upon obtaining the information from the user, the program then converts all the text which was placed into the character array from lower to uppercase in the following order:

(1) Switches the text from lower to UPPERCASE
(2) Converts all the text to UPPERCASE
(3) Converts all the text to lowercase

After each conversion is complete, the program displays the updated information to the screen via cout.

NOTE: On some compilers, you may have to add #include < cstdlib>, #include < cctype>, and #include < cstring> in order for the code to compile.


QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

Click here to see how cin.getline works.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

Please enter 3 line(s) of text you wish to convert from lower to UPPERCASE:
#1: I StriKe hiM a heAVy bloW.
#2: When cAn the neRve ShinE?
#3: My Programming Notes.

------------------------------------------------------------
This is what you entered into the system:
Text #1: I StriKe hiM a heAVy bloW.
Text #2: When cAn the neRve ShinE?
Text #3: My Programming Notes.

------------------------------------------------------------
This is the information switched from lower to UPPERCASE:
Text #1: i sTRIkE HIm A HEavY BLOw.
Text #2: wHEN CaN THE NErVE sHINe?
Text #3: mY pROGRAMMING nOTES.

------------------------------------------------------------
This is the information converted to all UPPERCASE:
Text #1: I STRIKE HIM A HEAVY BLOW.
Text #2: WHEN CAN THE NERVE SHINE?
Text #3: MY PROGRAMMING NOTES.

------------------------------------------------------------
This is the information converted to all lowercase:
Text #1: i strike him a heavy blow.
Text #2: when can the nerve shine?
Text #3: my programming notes.

C++ || Snippet – How To Display The Current System Time & Date In C++

This page consists of a simple program which demonstrates the process of displaying the current system time and date in C++.

This program utilizes the use of a “struct” data structure to obtain the necessary information to display the current system date and time. Knowledge of how this process works would be beneficial, but is not necessary. Click here for more information on how structs work.


QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

Today's Date is: 2/23/2012

The current system time is: 1:05:43 PM

C++ || Snippet – How To Do Simple Math Using Integer Arrays

This page will consist of simple programs which demonstrate the process of doing simple math with numbers that are stored in an integer array.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS SNIPPET

Integer Arrays
For Loops
Assignment Operators - Simple Math Operations
Setw

Note: In all of the examples on this page, a random number generator was used to place numbers into the array. If you do not know how to obtain data from the user, or if you do not know how to insert data into an array, click here for a demonstration.

===== ADDITION =====

The first code snippet will demonstrate how to add numbers together which are stored in an integer array. This example uses the “+=” assignment operator.


QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

SAMPLE OUTPUT

Original array values
64 85 44 31 35 2 94 67 12 80 97 10
--------------------------------------------------------
The sum of the items in the array is: 621

===== SUBTRACTION =====

The second code snippet will demonstrate how to subtract numbers which are stored in an integer array. This example uses the “-=” assignment operator.


QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

SAMPLE OUTPUT

Original array values
10 43 77 10 2 17 87 67 6 95 57 18
--------------------------------------------------------
The difference of the items in the array is: -489

===== MULTIPLICATION =====

The third code snippet will demonstrate how to multiply numbers which are stored in an integer array. This example uses the “*=” assignment operator.


QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

SAMPLE OUTPUT

Original array values
33 36 52 28 4 99 97 17 42 81 83 33
--------------------------------------------------------
The product of the items in the array is: 1803759104

===== DIVISION =====

The fourth code snippet will demonstrate how to divide numbers which are stored in an integer array. This example uses the “/=” assignment operator.


QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

SAMPLE OUTPUT

Original array values
75 38 59 14 53 42 29 88 92 27 69 16
--------------------------------------------------------
The quotient of the items in the array is: 2.72677e-020

C++ || Snippet – How To Read & Write Data From A File

This page will consist of a demonstration of a simple quadratic formula program, which highlights the use of the input/output mechanisms of manipulating a text file. This program will read in data from a file (numbers), manipulate that data, and output new data into a different text file.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS SNIPPET

Fstream
Ifstream
Ofstream
Working With Files

NOTE: The data file that is used in this example can be downloaded here.

Also, in order to read in the data .txt file, you need to save the .txt file in the same directory (or folder) as your .cpp file is saved in. If you are using Visual C++, this directory will be located in

Documents > Visual Studio > Projects > [Your project name] > [Your project name]


QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

For the numbers
a = 2
b = 4
c = -16

root 1 = 2
root 2 = -4

C++ || Snippet – How To Find The Highest & Lowest Numbers Contained In An Integer Array

This page will consist of a simple demonstration for finding the highest and lowest numbers contained in an integer array.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS SNIPPET

Integer Arrays
For Loops
Setw

Finding the highest/lowest values in an array can be found in one or two ways. The first way would be via a sort, which would render the highest/lowest numbers contained in the array because the values would be sorted in order from highest to lowest. But a sort may not always be practical, especially when you want to keep the array values in the same order that they originally came in.

The second method of finding the highest/lowest values is by traversing through the array, checking each value it contains one by one to determine if the current number which is being compared truly is a target value or not. That method will be displayed below.


QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

Original array values
10 14 1 94 29 25 7 95 11 17 6 71 100 59
--------------------------------------------------------
These are the highest and lowest array values:
Highest: 100
Lowest: 1

C++ || Class – A Simple Calculator Implementation Using A Class, Enum List, Typedef & Header Files

The following is another homework assignment which was presented in a programming class, that was used to introduce the concept of the class data structure, which is very similar to the struct data structure.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Header Files - How To Use Them
Class - Data Structure
Enumerated List
Typedef
Do/While Loop
Passing a Value By Reference
Constant Variables
Atoi - Convert String To Int Value

This is an interactive program which simulates a basic arithmetic calculator, where the user has the option of selecting from 9 modes of operation. Of those modes, the user has the option of adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing two numbers together. Also included in the calculator is a mode which deducts percentages from any given variable the user desires, so for example, if the user wanted to deduct 23% from the number 87, the program would display the reduced value of 66.99.

A sample of the menu is as followed:
(Where the user would enter numbers 1-9 to select a choice)

This program was implemented into 3 different files (two .cpp files, and one header file .h). So the code for this program will be broken up into 3 sections, the main file (.cpp), the header file (.h), and the implementation of the functions within the header file (.cpp).

NOTE: On some compilers, you may have to add #include < cstdlib> in order for the code to compile.

======== File #1 Main.cpp ========


======== File #2 CCalc.h. ========

Remember, you need to name the header file the same as the #include from the main.cpp file. This file contains the function declarations, but no implementation of those functions takes place here.

======== File #3 CCalc.cpp. ========

This is the function implementation file for the CCalc.h class. This file can be named anything you wish as long as you #include “CCalc.h”


QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

Calculator Options:
1) Clear Calculator
2) Set Initial Calculator Value
3) Display The Current Value
4) Add
5) Subtract
6) Divide
7) Multiply
8.) Percentage Calculator
9) Quit

Please enter a selection: 0
------------------------------------------------------------

You have entered an invalid command...
Please ENTER to try again.
------------------------------------------------------------

Calculator Options:
1) Clear Calculator
2) Set Initial Calculator Value
3) Display The Current Value
4) Add
5) Subtract
6) Divide
7) Multiply
8.) Percentage Calculator
9) Quit

Please enter a selection: 2
------------------------------------------------------------

Please enter a new value to assign: 2

------------------------------------------------------------
Calculator Options:
1) Clear Calculator
2) Set Initial Calculator Value
3) Display The Current Value
4) Add
5) Subtract
6) Divide
7) Multiply
8.) Percentage Calculator
9) Quit

Please enter a selection: 3
------------------------------------------------------------

The current value is: 2

------------------------------------------------------------
Calculator Options:
1) Clear Calculator
2) Set Initial Calculator Value
3) Display The Current Value
4) Add
5) Subtract
6) Divide
7) Multiply
8.) Percentage Calculator
9) Quit

Please enter a selection: 4
------------------------------------------------------------

The current value is: 2

Please enter a number to be added to 2: 2

2 + 2 = 4

------------------------------------------------------------
Calculator Options:
1) Clear Calculator
2) Set Initial Calculator Value
3) Display The Current Value
4) Add
5) Subtract
6) Divide
7) Multiply
8.) Percentage Calculator
9) Quit

Please enter a selection: 5
------------------------------------------------------------

The current value is: 4

Please enter a number to be subtracted from 4: 6

4 - 6 = -2

------------------------------------------------------------
Calculator Options:
1) Clear Calculator
2) Set Initial Calculator Value
3) Display The Current Value
4) Add
5) Subtract
6) Divide
7) Multiply
8.) Percentage Calculator
9) Quit

Please enter a selection: 6
------------------------------------------------------------

The current value is: -2

Please enter a divisor to be divided by -2: -2

-2 ÷ -2 = 1

------------------------------------------------------------
Calculator Options:
1) Clear Calculator
2) Set Initial Calculator Value
3) Display The Current Value
4) Add
5) Subtract
6) Divide
7) Multiply
8.) Percentage Calculator
9) Quit

Please enter a selection: 7
------------------------------------------------------------

The current value is: 1

Please enter a number to be multiplied by 1: 87

1 x 87 = 87

------------------------------------------------------------
Calculator Options:
1) Clear Calculator
2) Set Initial Calculator Value
3) Display The Current Value
4) Add
5) Subtract
6) Divide
7) Multiply
8.) Percentage Calculator
9) Quit

Please enter a selection: 8
------------------------------------------------------------

The current value is: 87

Please enter a percentage to be deducted from 87: 23

23% off of 87 is 66.99

------------------------------------------------------------
Calculator Options:
1) Clear Calculator
2) Set Initial Calculator Value
3) Display The Current Value
4) Add
5) Subtract
6) Divide
7) Multiply
8.) Percentage Calculator
9) Quit

Please enter a selection: 9
------------------------------------------------------------

Calculator will now quit
------------------------------------------------------------

Bye....

C++ || Snippet – Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort, Quick Sort & Merge Sort Sample Code For Integer Arrays

This page consists of algorithms for sorting integer arrays. Highlighted on this page are Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort, Quick Sort, and Merge Sort.

In terms of performance and speed, the sorting algorithms on this page will be listed from the (on average) worst, to best case implementations.

Selection sort and Insertion sort are two simple sorting algorithms which are often more efficient than Bubble Sort, though all three techniques aren’t the top of the class algorithmically for sorting large data sets.

====== BUBBLE SORT ======

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

Original array values
91 65 53 93 54 41 69 76 55 90 10 62
--------------------------------------------------------
The current sorted array
10 41 53 54 55 62 65 69 76 90 91 93

====== SELECTION SORT ======

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

Original array values
87 74 58 64 4 43 23 16 3 93 9 80
--------------------------------------------------------
The current sorted array
3 4 9 16 23 43 58 64 74 80 87 93

====== INSERTION SORT ======

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

Original array values
97 80 94 74 10 38 87 7 87 14 3 97
--------------------------------------------------------
The current sorted array
3 7 10 14 38 74 80 87 87 94 97 97

====== QUICK SORT ======

Quicksort is one of the fastest sorting algorithms, and is often the best practical choice for sorting, as its average expected running time for large data sets is more efficient than the previously discussed methods.

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

Original array values
50 94 1 16 51 63 41 17 70 28 6 34
--------------------------------------------------------
The current sorted array
1 6 16 17 28 34 41 50 51 63 70 94

====== MERGE SORT ======

Merge sort is a fast, stable sorting routine which, in the worst case, does about (on average) 39% fewer comparisons than quick sort.

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

Original array values
18 46 41 30 84 97 54 49 19 32 70 30
--------------------------------------------------------
The current sorted array
18 19 30 30 32 41 46 49 54 70 84 97

C++ || Dynamic Arrays – Create A Music Store Database Which Sorts CD Information & Display Grand Total

This program was presented as a homework assignment in a programming class to demonstrate the use of dynamic arrays, and pointer variables. The pointer variables which are displayed in this program are very excessive; and many are not needed, but it was good practice when trying to understand the logic behind it all.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Pointer Variables
Dynamic Arrays
2-D Dynamic Arrays - How To Declare
Bubble Sort
While Loops
For Loops
Constant Variables
Functions
Switch Statements
Toupper
Strcpy
Strcmp

This is an interactive program, which simulates a database for a music store, in which the user inputs data into the program (artist, CD title, genre, sales price, tax) and stores that information into multiple dynamic arrays (2-D and/or one dimensional dynamic arrays). The program will also apply any discounts that may currently be available for the selected CD genre, and applies that discount to the current CD information. When the user chooses to quit, the program will sort any data which is currently stored inside the array (by artist) in ascending order, and output the subtotal, tax applied, and grand total for all of the CD information which is entered into the array to the user.

After the program is complete, it will display a summary of the data which was stored into the array like so:

NOTE: On some compilers, you may have to add #include < cstdlib> and #include < cstring> in order for the code to compile.


QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

Welcome to the CD Management System!
From the following menu, select an option

E - Enter new CD information into the database
D - Display the current information in the database
Q - Quit

>> e

Enter the name of the artist: Nm8
Enter the title of the CD: CD8
Enter the genre: Rock
Enter the sales price $12.99
Enter the sales tax: .098
Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y

------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome to the CD Management System!
From the following menu, select an option

E - Enter new CD information into the database
D - Display the current information in the database
Q - Quit

>> e

Enter the name of the artist: Nm7
Enter the title of the CD: CD7
Enter the genre: Country
Enter the sales price $10.99
Enter the sales tax: .078
Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y

------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome to the CD Management System!
From the following menu, select an option

E - Enter new CD information into the database
D - Display the current information in the database
Q - Quit

>> e

Enter the name of the artist: Nm6
Enter the title of the CD: CD6
Enter the genre: Pop
Enter the sales price $11.50
Enter the sales tax: .067
Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y

------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome to the CD Management System!
From the following menu, select an option

E - Enter new CD information into the database
D - Display the current information in the database
Q - Quit

>> e

Enter the name of the artist: Nm5
Enter the title of the CD: CD5
Enter the genre: Jazz
Enter the sales price $12.24
Enter the sales tax: .045
Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y

------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome to the CD Management System!
From the following menu, select an option

E - Enter new CD information into the database
D - Display the current information in the database
Q - Quit

>> e

Enter the name of the artist: Nm4
Enter the title of the CD: CD4
Enter the genre: Other
Enter the sales price $12.99
Enter the sales tax: .094
Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y

------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome to the CD Management System!
From the following menu, select an option

E - Enter new CD information into the database
D - Display the current information in the database
Q - Quit

>> e

Enter the name of the artist: Nm3
Enter the title of the CD: CD3
Enter the genre: Classical
Enter the sales price $11.45
Enter the sales tax: .078
Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y

------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome to the CD Management System!
From the following menu, select an option

E - Enter new CD information into the database
D - Display the current information in the database
Q - Quit

>> e

Enter the name of the artist: Nm2
Enter the title of the CD: CD2
Enter the genre: International
Enter the sales price $10.99
Enter the sales tax: .093
Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y

------------------------------------------------------------
Welcome to the CD Management System!
From the following menu, select an option

E - Enter new CD information into the database
D - Display the current information in the database
Q - Quit

>> e

Enter the name of the artist: Nm1
Enter the title of the CD: CD1
Enter the genre: Rap
Enter the sales price $12.99
Enter the sales tax: .0975
Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): n

C++ || Snippet – How To Input Numbers Into An Integer Array & Display Its Contents Back To User

This snippet demonstrates how to place numbers into an integer array. It also shows how to display the contents of the array back to the user via cout.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS SNIPPET

Integer Arrays
For Loops
Constants

NOTE: On some compilers, you may have to add #include < cstdlib> in order for the code to compile.


QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

How many items do you want to place into the array?: 5
Enter item #1 : 45

Enter item #2 : 7

Enter item #3 : 34

Enter item #4 : 8

Enter item #5 : 2
The current items inside the array are:
Item #1 : 45
Item #2 : 7
Item #3 : 34
Item #4 : 8
Item #5 : 2

C++ || Snippet – Sort An Integer Array Using Bubble Sort – Print Each Pass & Total Number Of Swaps

This is a program which has no functionality, but displays the sorting of an integer array through the use of the bubble sort algorithm.

This program sorts the values of a one-dimensional array in ascending order using bubble sort. It also prints the total number of passes thru each iteration

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS SNIPPET