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Java || Simple Tic Tac Toe Game Sample Code GUI

July 08, 2013 admin No comments

The following is another homework assignment which was presented in an intro to Java class. This program was used to provide more practice creating a graphical user interface.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

JFrame JMenu JButtons JPanel JOptionPane How To Play Tic-Tac-Toe Special Fonts For This Game - Click Here To Download Executable .Jar File - Click Here To Download & Play

This program features a graphical user interface (GUI) which has nine buttons arranged in a square. A user plays the game by clicking the mouse in a available button. The game then places a symbol on the clicked button alternating between the letters “X” and an “O.”

The game begins by clicking on the “New Game” button. This action will clear away any text on the 9 game buttons. The 9 game buttons are still disabled, but the radio button is enabled. This means someone must select who plays first: “X” or “O.” After selecting the starting player then the 9 game buttons become enabled.

When a player clicks on one of the 9 available game buttons, the text on that button will change into an “X” or an “O.” The game stops when one of the two players has 3 identical symbols in a row, a column, or a diagonal. When there is such a winner, the symbol of the winner is displayed to the screen. Sometimes all 9 game buttons have been clicked on but there is still no winner. In that case the text “Tie” is displayed to the screen.

The two buttons “New Game” and “Quit” remain enabled at all times. Clicking on “Quit” will close the window.

This program was implemented into 3 different files, so the code for this program will be broken up into 3 sections. The three-file solution always has one file (the driver) which contains the “main” function. Another file contains the implementation of the graphical user interface (GUI), and the last file contains logic, which in this case is the game algorithms.

==== File #1 – TicTacToe.java ====





		
		
			#1 - The 'Driver'
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   July 8, 2013
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  TicTacToe.java
//    Description: This is the driver program for a three-file solution
//          which implements the game of tic tac toe. The driver program 
//          always contains the method main. 
// ============================================================================
import javax.swing.*;

public class TicTacToe
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // display message to the screen
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Game created by Kenneth Perkins for " +
                "use on the website 'My Programming Notes'" +
                "\n               Visit:  http://programmingnotes.org/",
                "Starting Game..", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
        
        // start game
        new GUI();
    }// End of main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   July 8, 2013
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  TicTacToe.java
//    Description: This is the driver program for a three-file solution
//          which implements the game of tic tac toe. The driver program 
//          always contains the method main. 
// ============================================================================
import javax.swing.*;
 
public class TicTacToe
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // display message to the screen
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Game created by Kenneth Perkins for " +
                "use on the website 'My Programming Notes'" +
                "\n               Visit:  http://programmingnotes.org/",
                "Starting Game..", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
        
        // start game
        new GUI();
    }// End of main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

==== File #2 – GUI.java ====

This is the GUI (graphical user interface) class for a three-file solution which implements the game of tic tac toe. The sole purpose of this source code is to define the GUI and call methods in the BusinessLogic class when needed.





		
		
			#2 - The 'GUI'
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   July 8, 2013
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  GUI.java
//    Description: This is the GUI (graphical user interface) class 
//          for a three-file solution which implements the game of tic tac toe.
//          The sole purpose of this source code is to define the GUI
//          and call methods in the BusinessLogic class when needed.
// ============================================================================
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

public class GUI extends JFrame implements ActionListener
{
  // setting up ALL the variables
    JFrame window = new JFrame("Kenneth's Tic Tac Toe Game");
    
    JMenuBar mnuMain = new JMenuBar();
    JMenuItem   mnuNewGame = new JMenuItem("  New Game"), 
                mnuGameTitle = new JMenuItem("|Tic Tac Toe|  "),
                mnuStartingPlayer = new JMenuItem(" Starting Player"),
                mnuExit = new JMenuItem("    Quit");

    JButton btnEmpty[] = new JButton[10];
    
    JPanel  pnlNewGame = new JPanel(),
                pnlNorth = new JPanel(),
                pnlSouth = new JPanel(),
                pnlTop = new JPanel(),
                pnlBottom = new JPanel(),
                pnlPlayingField = new JPanel();
    JPanel radioPanel = new JPanel();
    
    private JRadioButton SelectX = new JRadioButton("User Plays X", false);
    private  JRadioButton SelectO = new JRadioButton("User Plays O", false);
    private ButtonGroup radioGroup;
    private  String startingPlayer= "";
    final int X = 800, Y = 480, color = 190; // size of the game window
    private boolean inGame = false;
    private boolean win = false;
    private boolean btnEmptyClicked = false;
    private boolean setTableEnabled = false;
    private String message;
    private Font font = new Font("Rufscript", Font.BOLD, 100);
    private int remainingMoves = 1;
    private int wonNumber1 = 1, wonNumber2 = 1, wonNumber3 = 1;
    
    final int winCombo[][] = new int[][]    {
        {1, 2, 3},          {1, 4, 7},      {1, 5, 9},
        {4, 5, 6},          {2, 5, 8},      {3, 5, 7},
        {7, 8, 9},          {3, 6, 9}
    /*Horizontal Wins*/     /*Vertical Wins*/       /*Diagonal Wins*/
    };  //end array

//===============================  GUI  ========================================//
    public GUI() //This is the constructor
    {
    //Setting window properties:
        window.setSize(X, Y);
        window.setLocation(300, 180);
        window.setResizable(true);
        window.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        window.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
        
  //------------  Sets up Panels and text fields  ------------------------//
    // setting Panel layouts and properties
        pnlNorth.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        pnlSouth.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        
        pnlNorth.setBackground(new Color(70, 70, 70));
        pnlSouth.setBackground(new Color(color, color, color));
        
        pnlTop.setBackground(new Color(color, color, color));
        pnlBottom.setBackground(new Color(color, color, color));
        
        pnlTop.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        pnlBottom.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));

        radioPanel.setBackground(new Color(color, color, color));
        pnlBottom.setBackground(new Color(color, color, color));
        radioPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(
             BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(), "Who Goes First?"));
        
    // adding menu items to menu bar
        mnuMain.add(mnuGameTitle);
        mnuGameTitle.setEnabled(false);
        mnuGameTitle.setFont(new Font("Purisa",Font.BOLD,18));
        mnuMain.add(mnuNewGame);
        mnuNewGame.setFont(new Font("Purisa",Font.BOLD,18));
        mnuMain.add(mnuStartingPlayer);
        mnuStartingPlayer.setFont(new Font("Purisa",Font.BOLD,18));
        mnuMain.add(mnuExit);
        mnuExit.setFont(new Font("Purisa",Font.BOLD,18));//---->Menu Bar Complete
    
    // adding X & O options to menu
        SelectX.setFont(new Font("Purisa",Font.BOLD,18));
        SelectO.setFont(new Font("Purisa",Font.BOLD,18));
        radioGroup = new ButtonGroup(); // create ButtonGroup
        radioGroup.add(SelectX); // add plain to group
        radioGroup.add(SelectO);
        radioPanel.add(SelectX);
        radioPanel.add(SelectO);
        
    // adding Action Listener to all the Buttons and Menu Items
        mnuNewGame.addActionListener(this);
        mnuExit.addActionListener(this);
        mnuStartingPlayer.addActionListener(this);
    
    // setting up the playing field
        pnlPlayingField.setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 3, 2, 2));
        pnlPlayingField.setBackground(Color.black);
        for(int x=1; x <= 9; ++x)   
        {
            btnEmpty[x] = new JButton();
            btnEmpty[x].setBackground(new Color(220, 220, 220));
            btnEmpty[x].addActionListener(this);
            pnlPlayingField.add(btnEmpty[x]);
            btnEmpty[x].setEnabled(setTableEnabled);
        }

    // adding everything needed to pnlNorth and pnlSouth
        pnlNorth.add(mnuMain);
        BusinessLogic.ShowGame(pnlSouth,pnlPlayingField);
        
    // adding to window and Showing window
        window.add(pnlNorth, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        window.add(pnlSouth, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        window.setVisible(true);
    }// End GUI

    // ===========  Start Action Performed  ===============//
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent click)  
    {
        // get the mouse click from the user
        Object source = click.getSource();
        
        // check if a button was clicked on the gameboard
        for(int currentMove=1; currentMove <= 9; ++currentMove) 
        {
            if(source == btnEmpty[currentMove] && remainingMoves < 10)  
            {
                btnEmptyClicked = true;
                BusinessLogic.GetMove(currentMove, remainingMoves, font, 
                        btnEmpty, startingPlayer);              
                btnEmpty[currentMove].setEnabled(false);
                pnlPlayingField.requestFocus();
                ++remainingMoves;
            }
        }
        
        // if a button was clicked on the gameboard, check for a winner
        if(btnEmptyClicked) 
        {
            inGame = true;
            CheckWin();
            btnEmptyClicked = false;
        }
        
        // check if the user clicks on a menu item
        if(source == mnuNewGame)    
        {
            System.out.println(startingPlayer);
            BusinessLogic.ClearPanelSouth(pnlSouth,pnlTop,pnlNewGame,
                    pnlPlayingField,pnlBottom,radioPanel);
            if(startingPlayer.equals(""))
            {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Please Select a Starting Player", 
                        "Oops..", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
                BusinessLogic.ShowGame(pnlSouth,pnlPlayingField);
            }
            else
            {
                if(inGame)  
                {
                    int option = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "If you start a new game," +
                    " your current game will be lost..." + "n" +"Are you sure you want to continue?"
                        , "New Game?" ,JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
                    if(option == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION)    
                    {
                        inGame = false;
                        startingPlayer = "";
                        setTableEnabled = false;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        BusinessLogic.ShowGame(pnlSouth,pnlPlayingField);
                    }
                }
                // redraw the gameboard to its initial state
                if(!inGame) 
                {
                    RedrawGameBoard();
                }
            }       
        }       
        // exit button
        else if(source == mnuExit)  
        {
            int option = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Are you sure you want to quit?", 
            "Quit" ,JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
            if(option == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION)
            {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        }
        // select X or O player 
        else if(source == mnuStartingPlayer)  
        {
            if(inGame)  
            {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Cannot select a new Starting "+
                "Player at this time.nFinish the current game, or select a New Game "+
                    "to continue", "Game In Session..", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
                BusinessLogic.ShowGame(pnlSouth,pnlPlayingField);
            }
            else
            {
                setTableEnabled = true;
                BusinessLogic.ClearPanelSouth(pnlSouth,pnlTop,pnlNewGame,
                        pnlPlayingField,pnlBottom,radioPanel);
                
                SelectX.addActionListener(new RadioListener());
                SelectO.addActionListener(new RadioListener());
                radioPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
                
                radioPanel.add(SelectX);
                radioPanel.add(SelectO);
                pnlSouth.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 2, 1));
                pnlSouth.add(radioPanel);
                pnlSouth.add(pnlBottom);
            }
        }
        pnlSouth.setVisible(false); 
        pnlSouth.setVisible(true);  
    }// End Action Performed
    
    // ===========  Start RadioListener  ===============//  
    private class RadioListener implements ActionListener 
    {
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) 
        {
            JRadioButton theButton = (JRadioButton)event.getSource();
            if(theButton.getText().equals("User Plays X")) 
            {
                startingPlayer = "X";
            }
            if(theButton.getText().equals("User Plays O"))
            {
                startingPlayer = "O";
            }
            
            // redisplay the gameboard to the screen
            pnlSouth.setVisible(false); 
            pnlSouth.setVisible(true);          
            RedrawGameBoard();
        }
    }// End RadioListener
/*
        ----------------------------------
        Start of all the other methods. |
        ----------------------------------
*/
    private void RedrawGameBoard()  
    {
        BusinessLogic.ClearPanelSouth(pnlSouth,pnlTop,pnlNewGame,
                pnlPlayingField,pnlBottom,radioPanel);
        BusinessLogic.ShowGame(pnlSouth,pnlPlayingField);       
        
        btnEmpty[wonNumber1].setBackground(new Color(220, 220, 220));
        btnEmpty[wonNumber2].setBackground(new Color(220, 220, 220));
        btnEmpty[wonNumber3].setBackground(new Color(220, 220, 220));
        remainingMoves = 1;
        
        for(int x=1; x <= 9; ++x)   
        {
            btnEmpty[x].setText("");
            btnEmpty[x].setEnabled(setTableEnabled);
        }
        
        win = false;        
    }
    
    private void CheckWin() 
    {   
        for(int x=0; x < 8; ++x)    
        {
            if(!btnEmpty[winCombo[x][0]].getText().equals("") &&
                    btnEmpty[winCombo[x][0]].getText().equals(btnEmpty[winCombo[x][1]].getText()) &&
                    btnEmpty[winCombo[x][1]].getText().equals(btnEmpty[winCombo[x][2]].getText())
            /*
                The way this checks the if someone won is:
                First: it checks if the btnEmpty[x] is not equal to an empty string-    x being the array number 
                    inside the multi-dementional array winCombo[checks inside each of the 7 sets][the first number]
                Secong: it checks if btnEmpty[x] is equal to btnEmpty[y]- x being winCombo[each set][the first number]
                    y being winCombo[each set the same as x][the second number] (So basically checks if the first and
                    second number in each set is equal to each other)
                Third: it checks if btnEmtpy[y] is eual to btnEmpty[z]- y being the same y as last time and z being
                    winCombo[each set as y][the third number]
                Conclusion: So basically it checks if it is equal to the btnEmpty is equal to each set of numbers
            */
                )   
            {
                win = true;
                wonNumber1 = winCombo[x][0];
                wonNumber2 = winCombo[x][1];
                wonNumber3 = winCombo[x][2];
                btnEmpty[wonNumber1].setBackground(Color.white);
                btnEmpty[wonNumber2].setBackground(Color.white);
                btnEmpty[wonNumber3].setBackground(Color.white);
                break;
            }
        }
        if(win || (!win && remainingMoves > 9)) 
        {
            if(win) 
            {
                if(startingPlayer.equals("X"))
                {
                    if(remainingMoves % 2 == 0)
                        message = "      X has won!";
                    else
                        message = "      O has won!";
                }
                else
                {
                    if(remainingMoves % 2 == 0)
                        message = "      O has won!";
                    else    
                        message = "      X has won!";
                }
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, message, "Congrats!", 
                        JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);               
                
            }   
            else if(!win && remainingMoves > 9) 
            {
                message = "Both players have tied!";
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, message, "Tie Game!", 
                        JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
            }
            for(int x=1; x <= 9; ++x)   
            {
                btnEmpty[x].setEnabled(false);
            }
            win = false;
            inGame = false;
            startingPlayer = "";            
        }
    }// End of CheckWin
}// http://programmingnotes.org/        	
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   July 8, 2013
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  GUI.java
//    Description: This is the GUI (graphical user interface) class 
//          for a three-file solution which implements the game of tic tac toe.
//          The sole purpose of this source code is to define the GUI
//          and call methods in the BusinessLogic class when needed.
// ============================================================================
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
 
public class GUI extends JFrame implements ActionListener
{
  // setting up ALL the variables
    JFrame window = new JFrame("Kenneth's Tic Tac Toe Game");
    
    JMenuBar mnuMain = new JMenuBar();
    JMenuItem   mnuNewGame = new JMenuItem("  New Game"), 
                mnuGameTitle = new JMenuItem("|Tic Tac Toe|  "),
                mnuStartingPlayer = new JMenuItem(" Starting Player"),
                mnuExit = new JMenuItem("    Quit");
 
    JButton btnEmpty[] = new JButton[10];
    
    JPanel  pnlNewGame = new JPanel(),
                pnlNorth = new JPanel(),
                pnlSouth = new JPanel(),
                pnlTop = new JPanel(),
                pnlBottom = new JPanel(),
                pnlPlayingField = new JPanel();
    JPanel radioPanel = new JPanel();
    
    private JRadioButton SelectX = new JRadioButton("User Plays X", false);
    private  JRadioButton SelectO = new JRadioButton("User Plays O", false);
    private ButtonGroup radioGroup;
    private  String startingPlayer= "";
    final int X = 800, Y = 480, color = 190; // size of the game window
    private boolean inGame = false;
    private boolean win = false;
    private boolean btnEmptyClicked = false;
    private boolean setTableEnabled = false;
    private String message;
    private Font font = new Font("Rufscript", Font.BOLD, 100);
    private int remainingMoves = 1;
    private int wonNumber1 = 1, wonNumber2 = 1, wonNumber3 = 1;
    
    final int winCombo[][] = new int[][]    {
        {1, 2, 3},          {1, 4, 7},      {1, 5, 9},
        {4, 5, 6},          {2, 5, 8},      {3, 5, 7},
        {7, 8, 9},          {3, 6, 9}
    /*Horizontal Wins*/     /*Vertical Wins*/       /*Diagonal Wins*/
    };  //end array
 
//===============================  GUI  ========================================//
    public GUI() //This is the constructor
    {
    //Setting window properties:
        window.setSize(X, Y);
        window.setLocation(300, 180);
        window.setResizable(true);
        window.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        window.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
        
  //------------  Sets up Panels and text fields  ------------------------//
    // setting Panel layouts and properties
        pnlNorth.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        pnlSouth.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        
        pnlNorth.setBackground(new Color(70, 70, 70));
        pnlSouth.setBackground(new Color(color, color, color));
        
        pnlTop.setBackground(new Color(color, color, color));
        pnlBottom.setBackground(new Color(color, color, color));
        
        pnlTop.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
        pnlBottom.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER));
 
        radioPanel.setBackground(new Color(color, color, color));
        pnlBottom.setBackground(new Color(color, color, color));
        radioPanel.setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(
             BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder(), "Who Goes First?"));
        
    // adding menu items to menu bar
        mnuMain.add(mnuGameTitle);
        mnuGameTitle.setEnabled(false);
        mnuGameTitle.setFont(new Font("Purisa",Font.BOLD,18));
        mnuMain.add(mnuNewGame);
        mnuNewGame.setFont(new Font("Purisa",Font.BOLD,18));
        mnuMain.add(mnuStartingPlayer);
        mnuStartingPlayer.setFont(new Font("Purisa",Font.BOLD,18));
        mnuMain.add(mnuExit);
        mnuExit.setFont(new Font("Purisa",Font.BOLD,18));//---->Menu Bar Complete
    
    // adding X & O options to menu
        SelectX.setFont(new Font("Purisa",Font.BOLD,18));
        SelectO.setFont(new Font("Purisa",Font.BOLD,18));
        radioGroup = new ButtonGroup(); // create ButtonGroup
        radioGroup.add(SelectX); // add plain to group
        radioGroup.add(SelectO);
        radioPanel.add(SelectX);
        radioPanel.add(SelectO);
        
    // adding Action Listener to all the Buttons and Menu Items
        mnuNewGame.addActionListener(this);
        mnuExit.addActionListener(this);
        mnuStartingPlayer.addActionListener(this);
    
    // setting up the playing field
        pnlPlayingField.setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 3, 2, 2));
        pnlPlayingField.setBackground(Color.black);
        for(int x=1; x <= 9; ++x)   
        {
            btnEmpty[x] = new JButton();
            btnEmpty[x].setBackground(new Color(220, 220, 220));
            btnEmpty[x].addActionListener(this);
            pnlPlayingField.add(btnEmpty[x]);
            btnEmpty[x].setEnabled(setTableEnabled);
        }
 
    // adding everything needed to pnlNorth and pnlSouth
        pnlNorth.add(mnuMain);
        BusinessLogic.ShowGame(pnlSouth,pnlPlayingField);
        
    // adding to window and Showing window
        window.add(pnlNorth, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        window.add(pnlSouth, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        window.setVisible(true);
    }// End GUI
 
    // ===========  Start Action Performed  ===============//
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent click)  
    {
        // get the mouse click from the user
        Object source = click.getSource();
        
        // check if a button was clicked on the gameboard
        for(int currentMove=1; currentMove <= 9; ++currentMove) 
        {
            if(source == btnEmpty[currentMove] && remainingMoves < 10)  
            {
                btnEmptyClicked = true;
                BusinessLogic.GetMove(currentMove, remainingMoves, font, 
                        btnEmpty, startingPlayer);              
                btnEmpty[currentMove].setEnabled(false);
                pnlPlayingField.requestFocus();
                ++remainingMoves;
            }
        }
        
        // if a button was clicked on the gameboard, check for a winner
        if(btnEmptyClicked) 
        {
            inGame = true;
            CheckWin();
            btnEmptyClicked = false;
        }
        
        // check if the user clicks on a menu item
        if(source == mnuNewGame)    
        {
            System.out.println(startingPlayer);
            BusinessLogic.ClearPanelSouth(pnlSouth,pnlTop,pnlNewGame,
                    pnlPlayingField,pnlBottom,radioPanel);
            if(startingPlayer.equals(""))
            {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Please Select a Starting Player", 
                        "Oops..", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);
                BusinessLogic.ShowGame(pnlSouth,pnlPlayingField);
            }
            else
            {
                if(inGame)  
                {
                    int option = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "If you start a new game," +
                    " your current game will be lost..." + "n" +"Are you sure you want to continue?"
                        , "New Game?" ,JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
                    if(option == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION)    
                    {
                        inGame = false;
                        startingPlayer = "";
                        setTableEnabled = false;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        BusinessLogic.ShowGame(pnlSouth,pnlPlayingField);
                    }
                }
                // redraw the gameboard to its initial state
                if(!inGame) 
                {
                    RedrawGameBoard();
                }
            }       
        }       
        // exit button
        else if(source == mnuExit)  
        {
            int option = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(null, "Are you sure you want to quit?", 
            "Quit" ,JOptionPane.YES_NO_OPTION);
            if(option == JOptionPane.YES_OPTION)
            {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        }
        // select X or O player 
        else if(source == mnuStartingPlayer)  
        {
            if(inGame)  
            {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Cannot select a new Starting "+
                "Player at this time.nFinish the current game, or select a New Game "+
                    "to continue", "Game In Session..", JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);
                BusinessLogic.ShowGame(pnlSouth,pnlPlayingField);
            }
            else
            {
                setTableEnabled = true;
                BusinessLogic.ClearPanelSouth(pnlSouth,pnlTop,pnlNewGame,
                        pnlPlayingField,pnlBottom,radioPanel);
                
                SelectX.addActionListener(new RadioListener());
                SelectO.addActionListener(new RadioListener());
                radioPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
                
                radioPanel.add(SelectX);
                radioPanel.add(SelectO);
                pnlSouth.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 1, 2, 1));
                pnlSouth.add(radioPanel);
                pnlSouth.add(pnlBottom);
            }
        }
        pnlSouth.setVisible(false); 
        pnlSouth.setVisible(true);  
    }// End Action Performed
    
    // ===========  Start RadioListener  ===============//  
    private class RadioListener implements ActionListener 
    {
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) 
        {
            JRadioButton theButton = (JRadioButton)event.getSource();
            if(theButton.getText().equals("User Plays X")) 
            {
                startingPlayer = "X";
            }
            if(theButton.getText().equals("User Plays O"))
            {
                startingPlayer = "O";
            }
            
            // redisplay the gameboard to the screen
            pnlSouth.setVisible(false); 
            pnlSouth.setVisible(true);          
            RedrawGameBoard();
        }
    }// End RadioListener
/*
        ----------------------------------
        Start of all the other methods. |
        ----------------------------------
*/
    private void RedrawGameBoard()  
    {
        BusinessLogic.ClearPanelSouth(pnlSouth,pnlTop,pnlNewGame,
                pnlPlayingField,pnlBottom,radioPanel);
        BusinessLogic.ShowGame(pnlSouth,pnlPlayingField);       
        
        btnEmpty[wonNumber1].setBackground(new Color(220, 220, 220));
        btnEmpty[wonNumber2].setBackground(new Color(220, 220, 220));
        btnEmpty[wonNumber3].setBackground(new Color(220, 220, 220));
        remainingMoves = 1;
        
        for(int x=1; x <= 9; ++x)   
        {
            btnEmpty[x].setText("");
            btnEmpty[x].setEnabled(setTableEnabled);
        }
        
        win = false;        
    }
    
    private void CheckWin() 
    {   
        for(int x=0; x < 8; ++x)    
        {
            if(!btnEmpty[winCombo[x][0]].getText().equals("") &&
                    btnEmpty[winCombo[x][0]].getText().equals(btnEmpty[winCombo[x][1]].getText()) &&
                    btnEmpty[winCombo[x][1]].getText().equals(btnEmpty[winCombo[x][2]].getText())
            /*
                The way this checks the if someone won is:
                First: it checks if the btnEmpty[x] is not equal to an empty string-    x being the array number 
                    inside the multi-dementional array winCombo[checks inside each of the 7 sets][the first number]
                Secong: it checks if btnEmpty[x] is equal to btnEmpty[y]- x being winCombo[each set][the first number]
                    y being winCombo[each set the same as x][the second number] (So basically checks if the first and
                    second number in each set is equal to each other)
                Third: it checks if btnEmtpy[y] is eual to btnEmpty[z]- y being the same y as last time and z being
                    winCombo[each set as y][the third number]
                Conclusion: So basically it checks if it is equal to the btnEmpty is equal to each set of numbers
            */
                )   
            {
                win = true;
                wonNumber1 = winCombo[x][0];
                wonNumber2 = winCombo[x][1];
                wonNumber3 = winCombo[x][2];
                btnEmpty[wonNumber1].setBackground(Color.white);
                btnEmpty[wonNumber2].setBackground(Color.white);
                btnEmpty[wonNumber3].setBackground(Color.white);
                break;
            }
        }
        if(win || (!win && remainingMoves > 9)) 
        {
            if(win) 
            {
                if(startingPlayer.equals("X"))
                {
                    if(remainingMoves % 2 == 0)
                        message = "      X has won!";
                    else
                        message = "      O has won!";
                }
                else
                {
                    if(remainingMoves % 2 == 0)
                        message = "      O has won!";
                    else    
                        message = "      X has won!";
                }
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, message, "Congrats!", 
                        JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE);               
                
            }   
            else if(!win && remainingMoves > 9) 
            {
                message = "Both players have tied!";
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, message, "Tie Game!", 
                        JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);
            }
            for(int x=1; x <= 9; ++x)   
            {
                btnEmpty[x].setEnabled(false);
            }
            win = false;
            inGame = false;
            startingPlayer = "";            
        }
    }// End of CheckWin
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

==== File #3 – BusinessLogic.java ====

This is the BusinessLogic class for a three-file solution which implements the game of tic tac toe. The is the class containing algorithms.





		
		
			#3 - The 'Business Logic'
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   July 8, 2013
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  BusinessLogic.java
//    Description: This is the BusinessLogic class for a three-file solution 
//          which implements the game of tic tac toe. The is the class 
//          containing algorithms.
// ============================================================================
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class BusinessLogic
{
    public static void GetMove(int currentMove, int remainingMoves, Font font, JButton btnEmpty[], 
            String startingPlayer)
    {// gets the current move "X" or "O" for the user & displays to screen
        btnEmpty[currentMove].setFont(font);

        if(startingPlayer.equals("X"))
        {
            if(remainingMoves % 2 != 0)
            {               
                btnEmpty[currentMove].setText("X");
            }
            else
            {
                btnEmpty[currentMove].setText("O");
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if(remainingMoves % 2 != 0)
            {
                btnEmpty[currentMove].setText("O");
            }
            else
            {
                btnEmpty[currentMove].setText("X");
            }
        }
    }// End of GetMove
    
    public static void ShowGame(JPanel pnlSouth, JPanel pnlPlayingField)
    {// shows the Playing Field
        pnlSouth.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        pnlSouth.add(pnlPlayingField, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        pnlPlayingField.requestFocus(); 
    }// End of ShowGame
    
    public static void ClearPanelSouth(JPanel pnlSouth, JPanel pnlTop, 
         JPanel pnlNewGame, JPanel pnlPlayingField, JPanel pnlBottom, JPanel radioPanel)    
    {// clears any posible panals on screen
        pnlSouth.remove(pnlTop); 
        pnlSouth.remove(pnlBottom);
        pnlSouth.remove(pnlPlayingField);
        pnlTop.remove(pnlNewGame);
        pnlSouth.remove(radioPanel);
    }// End of ClearPanelSouth 
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   July 8, 2013
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  BusinessLogic.java
//    Description: This is the BusinessLogic class for a three-file solution 
//          which implements the game of tic tac toe. The is the class 
//          containing algorithms.
// ============================================================================
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
 
public class BusinessLogic
{
    public static void GetMove(int currentMove, int remainingMoves, Font font, JButton btnEmpty[], 
            String startingPlayer)
    {// gets the current move "X" or "O" for the user & displays to screen
        btnEmpty[currentMove].setFont(font);
 
        if(startingPlayer.equals("X"))
        {
            if(remainingMoves % 2 != 0)
            {               
                btnEmpty[currentMove].setText("X");
            }
            else
            {
                btnEmpty[currentMove].setText("O");
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if(remainingMoves % 2 != 0)
            {
                btnEmpty[currentMove].setText("O");
            }
            else
            {
                btnEmpty[currentMove].setText("X");
            }
        }
    }// End of GetMove
    
    public static void ShowGame(JPanel pnlSouth, JPanel pnlPlayingField)
    {// shows the Playing Field
        pnlSouth.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        pnlSouth.add(pnlPlayingField, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        pnlPlayingField.requestFocus(); 
    }// End of ShowGame
    
    public static void ClearPanelSouth(JPanel pnlSouth, JPanel pnlTop, 
         JPanel pnlNewGame, JPanel pnlPlayingField, JPanel pnlBottom, JPanel radioPanel)    
    {// clears any posible panals on screen
        pnlSouth.remove(pnlTop); 
        pnlSouth.remove(pnlBottom);
        pnlSouth.remove(pnlPlayingField);
        pnlTop.remove(pnlNewGame);
        pnlSouth.remove(radioPanel);
    }// End of ClearPanelSouth 
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

This program uses custom fonts. To obtain those fonts, click here!

Click here to download & play the executable .jar file.

SAMPLE SCREENSHOT:
(click to enlarge)

Java || Snippet – How To Find The Highest & Lowest Numbers Contained In An Integer Array

November 20, 2012 admin No comments

This page will consist of a simple demonstration for finding the highest and lowest numbers contained in an integer array.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS SNIPPET

Integer Arrays For Loops Custom Setw/Setfill In Java

Finding the highest/lowest values in an array can be found in one or two ways. The first way would be via a sort, which would obviously render the highest/lowest numbers contained in the array because the values would be sorted in order from highest to lowest. But a sort may not always be practical, especially when you want to keep the array values in the same order that they originally came in.

The second method of finding the highest/lowest values is by traversing through the array, literally checking each value it contains one by one to determine if the current number which is being compared truly is a target value or not. That method will be displayed below.





		
		
			Find The Highest/Lowest Numbers In An Array
			
Java
			
			import java.util.Random;

public class HighestLowestArray
{
	// global variable declaration
	final static int ARRAY_SIZE = 14; // const int allocating space for the array
	static Random rand = new Random(); // this is the call to the "Random" class
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare & initialize variables
		int[] arry = new int[ARRAY_SIZE];
		int highestScore = -999999;
		int lowestScore = 999999;
	     
		System.out.println("Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.n");
		
		// place random numbers into the array
		for(int x = 0; x < ARRAY_SIZE; ++x)
		{
			arry[x] = rand.nextInt(100)+1;
		} 
		
		System.out.println("Original array values:");
		// Output the original array values
		for(int x = 0; x < ARRAY_SIZE; ++x)
		{
			System.out.print(arry[x]+"  ");
		}
		System.out.println("");
		
		// creates a line seperator
		setwLF("",60,'-');
		
		// use a for loop to go thru the array checking to see the highest/lowest element
		System.out.print("nThese are the highest and lowest array values: ");
		for(int index=0; index < ARRAY_SIZE; ++index)
		{
			// if current score in the array is bigger than the current 'highestScore'
			// element, then set 'highestScore' equal to the current array element
			if(arry[index] > highestScore)
			{
				highestScore = arry[index];
			}
			// if current 'lowestScore' element is bigger than the current array element,
			//  then set 'lowestScore' equal to the current array element
			if(arry[index] < lowestScore)
			{
				lowestScore = arry[index];
			}
		}// end for loop
		
		// display the results to the user
		System.out.print("nHighest: "+highestScore);
		System.out.print("nLowest: "+lowestScore);
		System.out.println("");		
	}// end of main	
	
	static public void setwLF(String str, int width, char fill)
	{		
		for (int x = str.length(); x < width; ++x) 
		{
			System.out.print(fill);	
		}
		System.out.print(str);
	}// end of setwLF	
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						import java.util.Random;
 
public class HighestLowestArray
{
	// global variable declaration
	final static int ARRAY_SIZE = 14; // const int allocating space for the array
	static Random rand = new Random(); // this is the call to the "Random" class
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare & initialize variables
		int[] arry = new int[ARRAY_SIZE];
		int highestScore = -999999;
		int lowestScore = 999999;
	     
		System.out.println("Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.n");
		
		// place random numbers into the array
		for(int x = 0; x < ARRAY_SIZE; ++x)
		{
			arry[x] = rand.nextInt(100)+1;
		} 
		
		System.out.println("Original array values:");
		// Output the original array values
		for(int x = 0; x < ARRAY_SIZE; ++x)
		{
			System.out.print(arry[x]+"  ");
		}
		System.out.println("");
		
		// creates a line seperator
		setwLF("",60,'-');
		
		// use a for loop to go thru the array checking to see the highest/lowest element
		System.out.print("nThese are the highest and lowest array values: ");
		for(int index=0; index < ARRAY_SIZE; ++index)
		{
			// if current score in the array is bigger than the current 'highestScore'
			// element, then set 'highestScore' equal to the current array element
			if(arry[index] > highestScore)
			{
				highestScore = arry[index];
			}
			// if current 'lowestScore' element is bigger than the current array element,
			//  then set 'lowestScore' equal to the current array element
			if(arry[index] < lowestScore)
			{
				lowestScore = arry[index];
			}
		}// end for loop
		
		// display the results to the user
		System.out.print("nHighest: "+highestScore);
		System.out.print("nLowest: "+lowestScore);
		System.out.println("");		
	}// end of main	
	
	static public void setwLF(String str, int width, char fill)
	{		
		for (int x = str.length(); x < width; ++x) 
		{
			System.out.print(fill);	
		}
		System.out.print(str);
	}// end of setwLF	
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.
Original array values: 36 35 46 86 86 58 44 38 79 52 27 78 65 79 ------------------------------------------------------------ These are the highest and lowest array values: Highest: 86 Lowest: 27

Java || Snippet – How To Input Numbers Into An Integer Array & Display Its Contents Back To User

November 20, 2012 admin No comments

This snippet demonstrates how to place numbers into an integer array. It also shows how to display the contents of the array back to the user via stdout.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS SNIPPET

Integer Arrays For Loops Final Variables





		
		
			Insert & Display Items In An Array
			
Java
			
			import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArrayInput
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);	
	final static int ARRAY_SIZE = 100; // const int allocating space for the array
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare & initialize variables
		int numElems = 0;
		int[] myArray = new int[ARRAY_SIZE]; // declare array which has the ability to hold 100 elements
	     
		System.out.println("Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.n");	
		
		// ask user how many items they want to place in array
		System.out.print("How many items do you want to place into the array?: ");
		numElems = cin.nextInt();
		
		System.out.println("");		
		// user enters data into array using a for loop
		// you can also use a while loop, but for loops are more common
		// when dealing with arrays
		for(int index=0; index < numElems; ++index)
		{
			System.out.print("Enter item #"+(index+1)+": ");
			myArray[index] = cin.nextInt();
		} 
		
		// display data to user
		System.out.print("nThe current items inside the array are: ");
		
		// display contents inside array using a for loop
		for(int index=0; index < numElems; ++index)
		{
			System.out.print("nItem #"+(index+1)+": "+myArray[index]);
		}
		System.out.println("");		
	}// end of main	
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class ArrayInput
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);	
	final static int ARRAY_SIZE = 100; // const int allocating space for the array
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare & initialize variables
		int numElems = 0;
		int[] myArray = new int[ARRAY_SIZE]; // declare array which has the ability to hold 100 elements
	     
		System.out.println("Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.n");	
		
		// ask user how many items they want to place in array
		System.out.print("How many items do you want to place into the array?: ");
		numElems = cin.nextInt();
		
		System.out.println("");		
		// user enters data into array using a for loop
		// you can also use a while loop, but for loops are more common
		// when dealing with arrays
		for(int index=0; index < numElems; ++index)
		{
			System.out.print("Enter item #"+(index+1)+": ");
			myArray[index] = cin.nextInt();
		} 
		
		// display data to user
		System.out.print("nThe current items inside the array are: ");
		
		// display contents inside array using a for loop
		for(int index=0; index < numElems; ++index)
		{
			System.out.print("nItem #"+(index+1)+": "+myArray[index]);
		}
		System.out.println("");		
	}// end of main	
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.
How many items do you want to place into the array?: 5 Enter item #1: 12 Enter item #2: 43 Enter item #3: 5 Enter item #4: 643 Enter item #5: 2321
The current items inside the array are: Item #1: 12 Item #2: 43 Item #3: 5 Item #4: 643 Item #5: 2321

Java || Snippet – How To Convert A Decimal Number Into Binary

July 07, 2012 admin No comments

This page will demonstrate how to convert a decimal number (i.e a whole number) into its binary equivalent. So for example, if the decimal number of 25 was entered into the program, it would display the converted binary value of 11001.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS SNIPPET

How To Count In Binary The "Long" Datatype - What Is It? Methods (A.K.A "Functions") - What Are They? While Loops Online Binary to Decimal Converter - Verify For Correct Results

If you are looking for sample code which converts binary to decimal, check back here soon!





		
		
			Convert A Decimal Number Into Binary
			
Java
			
			import java.util.Scanner;

public class DecimalToBinary
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables 
		long decNum = 0;
		String binaryNum = ""; // use a string instead of an int to avoid
		                  // overflow, because binary numbers can grow large quick
		
		// display message to screen
		System.out.println("Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.n");		
		
		// get decimal number from user 
		System.out.print("Please enter an integer value: ");
		decNum = cin.nextLong();
		
		if(decNum < 0) // if user inputs a neg number, make the binary num neg too
		{			
			binaryNum = "-";
		}		
					
		// method call to convert decimal to binary
		binaryNum += DecToBin(decNum);	
				
		// display data to user
		System.out.println("nThe integer value of "+ decNum 
				+ " = " + binaryNum + " in binary");		
	}// end of main

	public static String DecToBin(long decNum)
	{
		// use this string to save the binary number
		String binary = "";
		
		if(decNum < 0) // if input is a neg number, make it positive
		{			
			decNum *= -1;
		}		
		
		// converts decimal to binary using division and modulus
		while(decNum > 0)
		{
			binary += (decNum % 2);
			decNum /= 2;
		}
		
		// return the reversed string to main
		return new StringBuffer(binary).reverse().toString();
	}
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class DecimalToBinary
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables 
		long decNum = 0;
		String binaryNum = ""; // use a string instead of an int to avoid
		                  // overflow, because binary numbers can grow large quick
		
		// display message to screen
		System.out.println("Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.n");		
		
		// get decimal number from user 
		System.out.print("Please enter an integer value: ");
		decNum = cin.nextLong();
		
		if(decNum < 0) // if user inputs a neg number, make the binary num neg too
		{			
			binaryNum = "-";
		}		
					
		// method call to convert decimal to binary
		binaryNum += DecToBin(decNum);	
				
		// display data to user
		System.out.println("nThe integer value of "+ decNum 
				+ " = " + binaryNum + " in binary");		
	}// end of main
 
	public static String DecToBin(long decNum)
	{
		// use this string to save the binary number
		String binary = "";
		
		if(decNum < 0) // if input is a neg number, make it positive
		{			
			decNum *= -1;
		}		
		
		// converts decimal to binary using division and modulus
		while(decNum > 0)
		{
			binary += (decNum % 2);
			decNum /= 2;
		}
		
		// return the reversed string to main
		return new StringBuffer(binary).reverse().toString();
	}
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output
Note: The code was compiled 3 separate times to display different output

====== RUN 1 ======
Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program. Please enter an integer value: 5 The integer value of 5 = 101 in binary ====== RUN 2 ====== Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program. Please enter an integer value: -25 The integer value of -25 = -11001 in binary ====== RUN 3 ====== Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program. Please enter an integer value: 12345678910
The integer value of 12345678910 = 1011011111110111000001110000111110 in binary

Java || Searching An Integer Array For A Target Value

July 06, 2012 admin No comments

Here is another actual homework assignment which was presented in an intro to programming class which was used to introduce more practice using integer arrays.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Integer Arrays For Loops Methods (A.K.A "Functions") - What Are They? Final Variables If/Else Statements

This is a small and simple program which demonstrates how to search for a target value which is stored in an integer array. This program first prompts the user to enter five values into an int array. After the user enters all the values into the system, it then displays a prompt asking the user for a search value. Once it has a search value, the program searches through the array looking for the target value; and wherever the value is found, the program display’s the current array index in which that target value is located. After it displays all the locations where the target value resides, it display’s the total number of occurrences the search value was found within the array.





		
		
			Array Search
			
Java
			
			import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArraySearch
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	static final int NUM_INTS = 5;
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables 
		int searchValue = 0;
		int numOccurences = 0;
		int[] numValues = new int[NUM_INTS]; // int array size is initialized with a const value
		
		// display message to screen
		System.out.println("Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.n");		
		
		// get data from user via a 'for loop'
		System.out.println("Please enter "+ NUM_INTS +" integer values:");
		
		for (int index=0; index < NUM_INTS; ++index)
		{
			System.out.print("#" + (index + 1) + ": ");
			numValues[index] = cin.nextInt();
		}
		
		// get a search value from the user
		System.out.print("Please enter a search value: ");
		searchValue = cin.nextInt();
		System.out.println("");		
		
		// finds the number of occurences the search value was found in the array
		numOccurences = SearchArray(numValues, searchValue);
		
		// display data to user
		System.out.println("nThe total occurrences of value "+ searchValue 
			+ " within the array is: " + numOccurences);		
	}// end of main
	
	// ==== SearchArray ===========================================================
	//
	// This method will take as input the array, the number of array 
	// elements, and the target value to search for. The function will traverse 
	// the array looking for the target value, and when it finds it, display the 
	// index location within the array.
	// 
	// Input:
	//	      limit [IN]  -- the array, the number of array 
	//				elements, and the target value
	//
	// Output:
	//	      The total number of occurrences of the target value in the array
	//
	// ============================================================================
	public static int SearchArray(int[] numValues, int searchValue)
	{
		int numFound=0;
		for (int index=0; index < NUM_INTS; ++index)
		{
			if (numValues[index] == searchValue)
			{
				System.out.println("t" + searchValue + " was found at array " +
						"index #" + index);
				++numFound; // if the search values was found,
				           // increment the variable by 1
			}
		}
		return numFound;
	}
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class ArraySearch
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	static final int NUM_INTS = 5;
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables 
		int searchValue = 0;
		int numOccurences = 0;
		int[] numValues = new int[NUM_INTS]; // int array size is initialized with a const value
		
		// display message to screen
		System.out.println("Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.n");		
		
		// get data from user via a 'for loop'
		System.out.println("Please enter "+ NUM_INTS +" integer values:");
		
		for (int index=0; index < NUM_INTS; ++index)
		{
			System.out.print("#" + (index + 1) + ": ");
			numValues[index] = cin.nextInt();
		}
		
		// get a search value from the user
		System.out.print("Please enter a search value: ");
		searchValue = cin.nextInt();
		System.out.println("");		
		
		// finds the number of occurences the search value was found in the array
		numOccurences = SearchArray(numValues, searchValue);
		
		// display data to user
		System.out.println("nThe total occurrences of value "+ searchValue 
			+ " within the array is: " + numOccurences);		
	}// end of main
	
	// ==== SearchArray ===========================================================
	//
	// This method will take as input the array, the number of array 
	// elements, and the target value to search for. The function will traverse 
	// the array looking for the target value, and when it finds it, display the 
	// index location within the array.
	// 
	// Input:
	//	      limit [IN]  -- the array, the number of array 
	//				elements, and the target value
	//
	// Output:
	//	      The total number of occurrences of the target value in the array
	//
	// ============================================================================
	public static int SearchArray(int[] numValues, int searchValue)
	{
		int numFound=0;
		for (int index=0; index < NUM_INTS; ++index)
		{
			if (numValues[index] == searchValue)
			{
				System.out.println("t" + searchValue + " was found at array " +
						"index #" + index);
				++numFound; // if the search values was found,
				           // increment the variable by 1
			}
		}
		return numFound;
	}
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output:
Note: The code was compiled 3 separate times to display the different outputs its able to produce

====== RUN 1 ======
Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program. Please enter 5 integer values: #1: 25 #2: 25 #3: 25 #4: 25 #5: 25 Please enter a search value: 25 25 was found at array index #0 25 was found at array index #1 25 was found at array index #2 25 was found at array index #3 25 was found at array index #4 The total occurrences of value 25 within the array is: 5 ====== RUN 2 ====== Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program. Please enter 5 integer values: #1: 8 #2: 19 #3: 97 #4: 56 #5: 8 Please enter a search value: 8 8 was found at array index #0 8 was found at array index #4 The total occurrences of value 8 within the array is: 2 ====== RUN 3 ====== Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program. Please enter 5 integer values: #1: 78 #2: 65 #3: 3 #4: 45 #5: 89 Please enter a search value: 12
The total occurrences of value 12 within the array is: 0

Java || Find The Prime, Perfect & All Known Divisors Of A Number Using A For, While & Do/While Loop

June 24, 2012 admin No comments

This program was designed to better understand how to use different loops which are available in Java, as well as more practice using objects with classes.

This program first asks the user to enter a non negative number. After it obtains a non negative integer from the user, the program determines if the user obtained number is a prime number or not, aswell as determining if the user obtained number is a perfect number or not. After it obtains its results, the program will display to the screen if the user inputted number is prime/perfect number or not. The program will also display a list of all the possible divisors of the user obtained number via stdout.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Class Objects - How TO Use Constructors - What Are They? Do/While Loop While Loop For Loop Modulus Basic Math - Prime Numbers Basic Math - Perfect Numbers Basic Math - Divisors





		
		
			Is It Prime or Perfect? List All Possible Divisors
			
Java
			
			import java.util.Scanner;

public class PrimePerfectNums
{
	// global variable declaration
	int userInput = 0;	
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	
	public PrimePerfectNums(int input)
	{// this is the constructor
		// give the global variable a value
		userInput = input;

	}// end of PrimePerfectNums
	
	public void CalcPrimePerfect() 
	{
		// declare variables
		int divisor = 0;
		int sumOfDivisors = 0;		
		
		System.out.print("nInput number: " + userInput);
		
		// for loop adds sum of all possible divisors
		for(int counter=1; counter <= userInput; ++counter)
		{
			divisor = (userInput % counter);
			if(divisor == 0)
			{
				// this will repeatedly add the found divisors together
				sumOfDivisors += counter;
			}
		}
		
		System.out.println("");
		// uses the 'sumOfDivisors' variable from ^ above for loop to
		// check if 'userInput' is prime
		if(userInput == (sumOfDivisors - 1))
		{
			System.out.print(userInput + " is a prime number.");
		}
		else
		{
			System.out.print(userInput + " is not a prime number.");
		}
		
		System.out.println("");
		// uses the 'sumOfDivisors' variable from ^ above for loop to
		// check if 'userInput' is a perfect number
		if (userInput == (sumOfDivisors - userInput))
		{
			System.out.print(userInput + " is a perfect number.");
		}
		else
		{
			System.out.print(userInput + " is not a perfect number.");
		}
		
		System.out.print("nDivisors of " + userInput + " are: ");
		// for loop lists all the possible divisors for the
		// 'userInput' variable by using the modulus operator
		for(int counter=1; counter <= userInput; ++counter)
		{
			divisor = (userInput % counter);
			if(divisor == 0 && counter !=userInput)
			{
				System.out.print(counter + ", ");
			}
		}
		
		System.out.print("and " + userInput);					
	}// end of CalcPrimePerfect
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables
		int input = 0;
		char response ='n';
		
		do{ // this is the start of the do/while loop
			
			System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
			input = cin.nextInt();
			
			// if the user inputs a negative number, do this code
			while(input < 0) 
			{
				System.out.print("ntSorry, but the number entered is less " +
						"than the allowable limit.ntPlease try again.....");
				System.out.print("nnEnter an number: ");
				input = cin.nextInt();
			}
			// entry point to class declaration
			PrimePerfectNums myClass = new PrimePerfectNums(input);
			
			// function call to obtain data using the number
			// which was passed from main to the constructor
			myClass.CalcPrimePerfect();
			
			// asks user if they want to enter new data
			System.out.print("nntDo you want to input another number?(Y/N): ");
			response = cin.next().toLowerCase().charAt(0);
			
			System.out.println("---------------------------" +
				"---------------------------------");		
		}while(response =='y');
		// ^ End of the do/while loop. As long as the user chooses
		// 'Y' the loop will keep going.
		// It stops when the user chooses the letter 'N'
		
		System.out.println("BYE!");		
	}// end of main	
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class PrimePerfectNums
{
	// global variable declaration
	int userInput = 0;	
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	
	public PrimePerfectNums(int input)
	{// this is the constructor
		// give the global variable a value
		userInput = input;
 
	}// end of PrimePerfectNums
	
	public void CalcPrimePerfect() 
	{
		// declare variables
		int divisor = 0;
		int sumOfDivisors = 0;		
		
		System.out.print("nInput number: " + userInput);
		
		// for loop adds sum of all possible divisors
		for(int counter=1; counter <= userInput; ++counter)
		{
			divisor = (userInput % counter);
			if(divisor == 0)
			{
				// this will repeatedly add the found divisors together
				sumOfDivisors += counter;
			}
		}
		
		System.out.println("");
		// uses the 'sumOfDivisors' variable from ^ above for loop to
		// check if 'userInput' is prime
		if(userInput == (sumOfDivisors - 1))
		{
			System.out.print(userInput + " is a prime number.");
		}
		else
		{
			System.out.print(userInput + " is not a prime number.");
		}
		
		System.out.println("");
		// uses the 'sumOfDivisors' variable from ^ above for loop to
		// check if 'userInput' is a perfect number
		if (userInput == (sumOfDivisors - userInput))
		{
			System.out.print(userInput + " is a perfect number.");
		}
		else
		{
			System.out.print(userInput + " is not a perfect number.");
		}
		
		System.out.print("nDivisors of " + userInput + " are: ");
		// for loop lists all the possible divisors for the
		// 'userInput' variable by using the modulus operator
		for(int counter=1; counter <= userInput; ++counter)
		{
			divisor = (userInput % counter);
			if(divisor == 0 && counter !=userInput)
			{
				System.out.print(counter + ", ");
			}
		}
		
		System.out.print("and " + userInput);					
	}// end of CalcPrimePerfect
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables
		int input = 0;
		char response ='n';
		
		do{ // this is the start of the do/while loop
			
			System.out.print("Enter a number: ");
			input = cin.nextInt();
			
			// if the user inputs a negative number, do this code
			while(input < 0) 
			{
				System.out.print("ntSorry, but the number entered is less " +
						"than the allowable limit.ntPlease try again.....");
				System.out.print("nnEnter an number: ");
				input = cin.nextInt();
			}
			// entry point to class declaration
			PrimePerfectNums myClass = new PrimePerfectNums(input);
			
			// function call to obtain data using the number
			// which was passed from main to the constructor
			myClass.CalcPrimePerfect();
			
			// asks user if they want to enter new data
			System.out.print("nntDo you want to input another number?(Y/N): ");
			response = cin.next().toLowerCase().charAt(0);
			
			System.out.println("---------------------------" +
				"---------------------------------");		
		}while(response =='y');
		// ^ End of the do/while loop. As long as the user chooses
		// 'Y' the loop will keep going.
		// It stops when the user chooses the letter 'N'
		
		System.out.println("BYE!");		
	}// end of main	
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output:

Enter a number: 41
Input number: 41 41 is a prime number. 41 is not a perfect number. Divisors of 41 are: 1, and 41 Do you want to input another number?(Y/N): y ------------------------------------------------------------ Enter a number: 496 Input number: 496 496 is not a prime number. 496 is a perfect number. Divisors of 496 are: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 31, 62, 124, 248, and 496 Do you want to input another number?(Y/N): y ------------------------------------------------------------ Enter a number: 1858 Input number: 1858 1858 is not a prime number. 1858 is not a perfect number. Divisors of 1858 are: 1, 2, 929, and 1858 Do you want to input another number?(Y/N): y ------------------------------------------------------------ Enter a number: -9 Sorry, but the number entered is less than the allowable limit. Please try again..... Enter an number: 12 Input number: 12 12 is not a prime number. 12 is not a perfect number. Divisors of 12 are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 12
Do you want to input another number?(Y/N): n ------------------------------------------------------------ BYE!

Java || Find The Average Using an Array – Omit Highest And Lowest Scores

June 22, 2012 admin No comments

This page will consist of two programs which calculates the average of a specific amount of numbers using an array.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR BOTH PROGRAMS

Double Data Type Final Variables Arrays For Loops Assignment Operators Basic Math - How To Find The Average

====== FIND THE AVERAGE USING AN ARRAY ======

The first program is fairly simple, and it was used to introduce the array concept. The program prompts the user to enter the total amount of numbers they want to find the average for, then the program displays the answer to them via stdout.





		
		
			#1 - Find The Average
			
Java
			
			import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindTheAverage
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables 		
		int numElems = 0;
		double sum = 0;
		double[] average = new double[100]; // declare array which has the ability to hold 100 elements
		
		// display message to screen
		System.out.println("Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.n");
		
		// determine how many numbers the user wants in the array
		System.out.print("How many numbers do you want to find the average for?: ");
		numElems = cin.nextInt();
		
		System.out.println("");
		
		// user enters data into array using a for loop
		// you can also use a while loop, but for loops are more common
		// when dealing with arrays
		for(int index=0; index < numElems; ++index)
		{
			System.out.print("Enter value #" +(index+1)+ ": ");
			average[index] = cin.nextDouble();
			sum += average[index];
		}
		
		// find the average. 
		// Note: the expression below literally 
		// means: sum = sum / numElems;
		sum /= numElems;
		
		System.out.println("nThe average of the " + numElems + " numbers is " + sum);
	}// end of main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class FindTheAverage
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables 		
		int numElems = 0;
		double sum = 0;
		double[] average = new double[100]; // declare array which has the ability to hold 100 elements
		
		// display message to screen
		System.out.println("Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.n");
		
		// determine how many numbers the user wants in the array
		System.out.print("How many numbers do you want to find the average for?: ");
		numElems = cin.nextInt();
		
		System.out.println("");
		
		// user enters data into array using a for loop
		// you can also use a while loop, but for loops are more common
		// when dealing with arrays
		for(int index=0; index < numElems; ++index)
		{
			System.out.print("Enter value #" +(index+1)+ ": ");
			average[index] = cin.nextDouble();
			sum += average[index];
		}
		
		// find the average. 
		// Note: the expression below literally 
		// means: sum = sum / numElems;
		sum /= numElems;
		
		System.out.println("nThe average of the " + numElems + " numbers is " + sum);
	}// end of main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

ARRAY
Notice the array declaration on line #13. The type of array being used in this program is a dynamic array, which has the ability to store up to 100 integer elements in the array. You can change the number of elements its able to store to a higher or lower number if you wish.

FOR LOOP
Lines 27-32 contains a for loop, which is used to actually store the data inside of the array. Without some type of loop, it is virtually impossible for the user to input data into the array; that is, unless you want to add 100 different println statements into your code asking the user to input data. Line 31 uses the assignment operator “+=” which gives us a running total of the data that is being inputted into the array. Note the loop only stores as many elements as the user so desires, so if the user only wants to input 3 numbers into the array, the for loop will only execute 3 times.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output:

Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.
How many numbers do you want to find the average for?: 4 Enter value #1: 21 Enter value #2: 24 Enter value #3: 19 Enter value #4: 17 The average of the 4 numbers is 20.25

====== FIND THE AVERAGE – OMIT HIGHEST AND LOWEST SCORES ======

The second program is really practical in a real world setting. We were asked to create a program for a fictional competition which had 6 judges. The 6 judges each gave a score of the performance for a competitor in a competition, (i.e a score of 1-10), and we were asked to find the average of those scores, omitting the highest/lowest results. The program was to store the scores into an array, display the scores back to the user via stdout, display the highest and lowest scores among the 6 obtained, display the average of the 6 scores, and finally display the average adjusted scores omitting the highest and lowest result.





		
		
			#2 - Find The Average Omitting The Highest/Lowest Score
			
Java
			
			import java.util.Scanner;

public class FindOmittedAverage
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	static final int NUM_JUDGES = 6;
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables
		double highestScore = -999999;
		double lowestScore = 999999;
		double sumOfScores = 0;
		double avgScores = 0;
		double[] scores = new double[NUM_JUDGES]; // array is initialized using a final variable
		
		// display message to screen
		System.out.println("Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.n");
		
		System.out.print("Judges, enter one score each for the current competitor: ");
		
		// use a for loop to obtain data from  user using the final variable
		for(int index=0; index < NUM_JUDGES; ++index)
		{
			// this puts data into the current array index
			scores[index] = cin.nextDouble();
			
			// this calculates a running total of all the scores
			// adding each element in the array together
			sumOfScores += scores[index];
			
			// if current score in the array index is bigger than the current 'highestScore'
			// value, then set 'highestScore' equal to the current value in the array
			if(scores[index] > highestScore)
			{
				highestScore = scores[index];
			}
			
			// if current score in the array index is smaller than the current 'lowestScore'
			// value, then set 'lowestScore' equal to the current value in the array
			if(lowestScore > scores[index])
			{
				lowestScore = scores[index];
			}			
		}
		
		System.out.print("nThese are the scores from the " + NUM_JUDGES + " judges: ");
		
		// use another for loop to redisplay the data back to the user via stdout
		for(int index=0; index < NUM_JUDGES; ++index)
		{
			System.out.print("nThe score for judge #"+(index+1)+" is: "+scores[index]);
		} 
		
		// display the highest/lowest numbers to the screen
		System.out.print("nnThese are the highest and lowest scores: ");
		System.out.print("ntHighest: "+ highestScore);
		System.out.print("ntLowest: "+ lowestScore);
		
		// find the average
		avgScores = sumOfScores/NUM_JUDGES;
		System.out.print("nThe average score is: "+ avgScores);
		
		// reset data back to 0 so we can find the ommitted average
		sumOfScores = 0;
		avgScores = 0;
		
		System.out.print("nThe average adjusted score omitting the highest and lowest result is: ");
		
		// final loop, which calculates a running total, adding each element
		// in the array together, this time omitting the highest/lowest scores
		for(int index=0; index < NUM_JUDGES; ++index)
		{
			// IF(current score isnt equal to the highest elem) AND (current score isnt equal lowest elem)
			// THEN create a running total
			if((scores[index] != highestScore) && (scores[index] != lowestScore))
			{
				sumOfScores += scores[index];
			}
		}	
		
		// find the average, minus the 2 scores
		avgScores = sumOfScores/(NUM_JUDGES-2);
		
		System.out.print(avgScores);
	}// end of main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class FindOmittedAverage
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	static final int NUM_JUDGES = 6;
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables
		double highestScore = -999999;
		double lowestScore = 999999;
		double sumOfScores = 0;
		double avgScores = 0;
		double[] scores = new double[NUM_JUDGES]; // array is initialized using a final variable
		
		// display message to screen
		System.out.println("Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.n");
		
		System.out.print("Judges, enter one score each for the current competitor: ");
		
		// use a for loop to obtain data from  user using the final variable
		for(int index=0; index < NUM_JUDGES; ++index)
		{
			// this puts data into the current array index
			scores[index] = cin.nextDouble();
			
			// this calculates a running total of all the scores
			// adding each element in the array together
			sumOfScores += scores[index];
			
			// if current score in the array index is bigger than the current 'highestScore'
			// value, then set 'highestScore' equal to the current value in the array
			if(scores[index] > highestScore)
			{
				highestScore = scores[index];
			}
			
			// if current score in the array index is smaller than the current 'lowestScore'
			// value, then set 'lowestScore' equal to the current value in the array
			if(lowestScore > scores[index])
			{
				lowestScore = scores[index];
			}			
		}
		
		System.out.print("nThese are the scores from the " + NUM_JUDGES + " judges: ");
		
		// use another for loop to redisplay the data back to the user via stdout
		for(int index=0; index < NUM_JUDGES; ++index)
		{
			System.out.print("nThe score for judge #"+(index+1)+" is: "+scores[index]);
		} 
		
		// display the highest/lowest numbers to the screen
		System.out.print("nnThese are the highest and lowest scores: ");
		System.out.print("ntHighest: "+ highestScore);
		System.out.print("ntLowest: "+ lowestScore);
		
		// find the average
		avgScores = sumOfScores/NUM_JUDGES;
		System.out.print("nThe average score is: "+ avgScores);
		
		// reset data back to 0 so we can find the ommitted average
		sumOfScores = 0;
		avgScores = 0;
		
		System.out.print("nThe average adjusted score omitting the highest and lowest result is: ");
		
		// final loop, which calculates a running total, adding each element
		// in the array together, this time omitting the highest/lowest scores
		for(int index=0; index < NUM_JUDGES; ++index)
		{
			// IF(current score isnt equal to the highest elem) AND (current score isnt equal lowest elem)
			// THEN create a running total
			if((scores[index] != highestScore) && (scores[index] != lowestScore))
			{
				sumOfScores += scores[index];
			}
		}	
		
		// find the average, minus the 2 scores
		avgScores = sumOfScores/(NUM_JUDGES-2);
		
		System.out.print(avgScores);
	}// end of main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

FINAL
A final variable was declared and used to initialize the array (line 7). This was used to initialize the size of the array.

FOR LOOPS
Once again loops were used to traverse the array, as noted on lines 24, 51 and 73. The final variable was also used within the for loops, making it easier to modify the code if its necessary to reduce or increase the number of available judges.

HIGHEST/LOWEST SCORES
This is noted on lines 35-45, and it is really simple to understand the process once you see the code.

OMITTING HIGHEST/LOWEST SCORE
Lines 73-81 highlights this process. The loop basically traverses the array, skipping over the highest/lowest elements.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.
Judges, enter one score each for the current competitor: 123 453 -789 2 23345 987 These are the scores from the 6 judges: The score for judge #1 is: 123.0 The score for judge #2 is: 453.0 The score for judge #3 is: -789.0 The score for judge #4 is: 2.0 The score for judge #5 is: 23345.0 The score for judge #6 is: 987.0
These are the highest and lowest scores: Highest: 23345.0 Lowest: -789.0 The average score is: 4020.1666666666665 The average adjusted score omitting the highest and lowest result is: 391.25

Java || Display Today’s Date Using a Switch Statement

June 17, 2012 admin No comments

If statements, char’s and strings have been previously discussed, and this page will be more of the same. This program will demonstrate how to use a switch statement to display today’s date, converting from mm/dd/yyyy format (i.e 6/17/12) to formal format (i.e June 17th, 2012).

This same program can easily be done using if statements, but sometimes that is not always the fastest programming method. Switch statements are like literal light switches because the code “goes down a line” to check to see which case is valid or not, just like if statements. You will see why switches are very effective when used right by examining this program.

====== TODAY’S DATE USING A SWITCH ======

So to start our program out, lets define the variables.





		
		
			#1 - Declare Variables
			
Java
			
			import java.util.Scanner;

public class TodaysDate
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables
		int month = 6;
		int day = 17;
		int year = 2012; 		
	}// end of main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class TodaysDate
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables
		int month = 6;
		int day = 17;
		int year = 2012; 		
	}// end of main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

Notice on line 6 there is a variable named “cin.” This program uses the scanner class to obtain data from the user. Click here for various examples demonstrating how to obtain data from the user using the scanner class.

We also declared three other variables, named “month, day, and year.” You should always name your variables something descriptive, as well as initializing them to a starting value.

Next we get data from the user for the month, day, and year variables. This process is demonstrated below:





		
		
			#2 - Get user Input
			
Java
			
					// get month from user
		System.out.print("Please enter the current month: ");
		month = cin.nextInt();			
		
		// get day from user
		System.out.print("Please enter the current day: ");
		day = cin.nextInt();	
		
		// get year from user
		System.out.print("Please enter the current year: ");
		year = cin.nextInt();
			
				
					
				
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								// get month from user
		System.out.print("Please enter the current month: ");
		month = cin.nextInt();			
		
		// get day from user
		System.out.print("Please enter the current day: ");
		day = cin.nextInt();	
		
		// get year from user
		System.out.print("Please enter the current year: ");
		year = cin.nextInt();

Notice the format that the user will input the data in. They will input data in mm/dd/yyyy format, and using the “cin” variable will make that possible.

So after obtaining data from the user, how will the program convert numbers into actual text? Next comes the switch statements.





		
		
			#3 - Switch Statement For Month
			
Java
			
					// determine which month to display 
		switch(month)
		{
			case 1:
				System.out.print("tJanuary ");
				break;
			case 2:
				System.out.print("tFebruary ");
				break;
			case 3:
				System.out.print("tMarch ");
				break;
			case 4:
				System.out.print("tApril ");
				break;
			case 5:
				System.out.print("tMay ");
				break;
			case 6:
				System.out.print("tJune ");
				break;
			case 7: 
				System.out.print("tJuly ");
				break;
			case 8:
				System.out.print("tAugust ");
				break;
			case 9:
				System.out.print("tSeptember ");
				break;
			case 10:
				System.out.print("tOctober ");
				break;
			case 11:
				System.out.print("tNovember ");
				break;
			case 12:
				System.out.print("tDecember ");
				break;
			default:
				System.out.print("t" + month +" is not a valid monthn");
				System.exit(1);
				break;
		}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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								// determine which month to display 
		switch(month)
		{
			case 1:
				System.out.print("tJanuary ");
				break;
			case 2:
				System.out.print("tFebruary ");
				break;
			case 3:
				System.out.print("tMarch ");
				break;
			case 4:
				System.out.print("tApril ");
				break;
			case 5:
				System.out.print("tMay ");
				break;
			case 6:
				System.out.print("tJune ");
				break;
			case 7: 
				System.out.print("tJuly ");
				break;
			case 8:
				System.out.print("tAugust ");
				break;
			case 9:
				System.out.print("tSeptember ");
				break;
			case 10:
				System.out.print("tOctober ");
				break;
			case 11:
				System.out.print("tNovember ");
				break;
			case 12:
				System.out.print("tDecember ");
				break;
			default:
				System.out.print("t" + month +" is not a valid monthn");
				System.exit(1);
				break;
		}// http://programmingnotes.org/

Line 2 contains the switch declaration, and its comparing the variable of “month” to the 12 different cases that is defined within the switch statement. So this piece of code will “go down the line” comparing to see if the user obtained data is any of the numbers from 1 to 12, as defined in the switch statement. If the user chooses a number which does not fall between 1 thru 12, the “default” case will be executed, prompting the user that the data they entered was invalid, which can be seen in line 40. Notice line 42 has an exit code. This program will force an exit whenever the user enters invalid data.

Line 6 is also very important, because that forces the computer to “break” away from the selected case whenever it is done examining that specific piece of code. It is important to add the break statement in there to avoid errors, which may result if the program does not break away from the current statement in which it is examining. Try compiling this code removing the “break” statements and see what happens!

Next we will add another switch statement in order to convert the day of the month to have a number suffix (i.e displaying the number in 1st, 2nd, 3rd format). This is very similar to the previous switch statement





		
		
			#4 - Switch Statement For Day
			
Java
			
					// determine which suffix to display 
		switch(day)
		{
			case 1: case 21: case 31:
				System.out.print(day + "st, ");
				break;
			case 2: case 22:
				System.out.print(day + "nd, ");
				break;
			case 3: case 23:
				System.out.print(day + "rd, ");
				break;
			default:
				System.out.print(day + "th, ");
				break;
		}
			
				
					
				
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								// determine which suffix to display 
		switch(day)
		{
			case 1: case 21: case 31:
				System.out.print(day + "st, ");
				break;
			case 2: case 22:
				System.out.print(day + "nd, ");
				break;
			case 3: case 23:
				System.out.print(day + "rd, ");
				break;
			default:
				System.out.print(day + "th, ");
				break;
		}

This block of code is very similar to the previous one. Line 2 is declaring the variable ‘day’ to be compared with the base cases; line 6 and so forth has the break lines, but line 4, 7 and 10 are different. If you notice, line 4, 7 and 10 are comparing multiple cases in one line. Yes, with switch statements, you can do that. Just like you can compare multiple values in if statements, the same can be done here. So this switch is comparing the number the user entered into the program, with the base cases, adding a suffix to the end of the number.

So far we have obtained data from the user, compared the month and day using switch statements and displayed that to the screen. Now all we have to do is output the year to the user. This is fairly simple, because the year is not being compared, you are just simply using a system print to display data to the user.





		
		
			#5 - Output Year To Screen
			
Java
			
					// display the current year
		System.out.println(year); 
			
				
					
				
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								// display the current year
		System.out.println(year);

So finally, adding all the above snippets together should give us the following code:





		
		
			#6 - Full Code - Today's Date
			
Java
			
			import java.util.Scanner;

public class TodaysDate
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables
		int month = 6;
		int day = 17;
		int year = 2012;
		
		// display message to screen
		System.out.println("nWelcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.");
		
		// get month from user
		System.out.print("nPlease enter the current month: ");
		month = cin.nextInt();			
		
		// get day from user
		System.out.print("Please enter the current day: ");
		day = cin.nextInt();	
		
		// get year from user
		System.out.print("Please enter the current year: ");
		year = cin.nextInt();
		
		System.out.println("nTodays date is: ");
		
		// use this switch statement to display the current month
		// using the information obtained from above
		switch(month)
		{
			case 1:
				System.out.print("tJanuary ");
				break;
			case 2:
				System.out.print("tFebruary ");
				break;
			case 3:
				System.out.print("tMarch ");
				break;
			case 4:
				System.out.print("tApril ");
				break;
			case 5:
				System.out.print("tMay ");
				break;
			case 6:
				System.out.print("tJune ");
				break;
			case 7: 
				System.out.print("tJuly ");
				break;
			case 8:
				System.out.print("tAugust ");
				break;
			case 9:
				System.out.print("tSeptember ");
				break;
			case 10:
				System.out.print("tOctober ");
				break;
			case 11:
				System.out.print("tNovember ");
				break;
			case 12:
				System.out.print("tDecember ");
				break;
			default:
				System.out.print("t" + month +" is not a valid monthn");
				System.exit(1);
				break;
		}
		
		// use this switch statement to display the current day
		// using the information obtained from above
		switch(day)
		{
			case 1: case 21: case 31:
				System.out.print(day + "st, ");
				break;
			case 2: case 22:
				System.out.print(day + "nd, ");
				break;
			case 3: case 23:
				System.out.print(day + "rd, ");
				break;
			default:
				System.out.print(day + "th, ");
				break;
		}
		
		// display the current year
		System.out.println(year); 		
	}// end of main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class TodaysDate
{
	// global variable declaration
	static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	
	public static void main(String[] args)
	{
		// declare variables
		int month = 6;
		int day = 17;
		int year = 2012;
		
		// display message to screen
		System.out.println("nWelcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.");
		
		// get month from user
		System.out.print("nPlease enter the current month: ");
		month = cin.nextInt();			
		
		// get day from user
		System.out.print("Please enter the current day: ");
		day = cin.nextInt();	
		
		// get year from user
		System.out.print("Please enter the current year: ");
		year = cin.nextInt();
		
		System.out.println("nTodays date is: ");
		
		// use this switch statement to display the current month
		// using the information obtained from above
		switch(month)
		{
			case 1:
				System.out.print("tJanuary ");
				break;
			case 2:
				System.out.print("tFebruary ");
				break;
			case 3:
				System.out.print("tMarch ");
				break;
			case 4:
				System.out.print("tApril ");
				break;
			case 5:
				System.out.print("tMay ");
				break;
			case 6:
				System.out.print("tJune ");
				break;
			case 7: 
				System.out.print("tJuly ");
				break;
			case 8:
				System.out.print("tAugust ");
				break;
			case 9:
				System.out.print("tSeptember ");
				break;
			case 10:
				System.out.print("tOctober ");
				break;
			case 11:
				System.out.print("tNovember ");
				break;
			case 12:
				System.out.print("tDecember ");
				break;
			default:
				System.out.print("t" + month +" is not a valid monthn");
				System.exit(1);
				break;
		}
		
		// use this switch statement to display the current day
		// using the information obtained from above
		switch(day)
		{
			case 1: case 21: case 31:
				System.out.print(day + "st, ");
				break;
			case 2: case 22:
				System.out.print(day + "nd, ");
				break;
			case 3: case 23:
				System.out.print(day + "rd, ");
				break;
			default:
				System.out.print(day + "th, ");
				break;
		}
		
		// display the current year
		System.out.println(year); 		
	}// end of main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

Once compiled, you should get this as your output:

Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.
Please enter the current month: 7 Please enter the current day: 28 Please enter the current year: 2012
Todays date is: July 28th, 2012

Java || Snippet – Custom Setw & Setfill Sample Code For Java

June 06, 2012 admin No comments

This page will consist of a brief implementation of setw/ios::width and setfill/ios::fill in Java.

If you are a C++ programmer, no doubt you have used the setw and setfill commands many times. It makes formatting output like this very clean and simple (see below).

Ending balance:................. $ 6433.47 Amount of deposits:............. $ 1750.00 Amount of withdrawals:.......... $ 420.00 Amount of interest earned:...... $ 103.47

But to my amazement, I could not find a very suitable replacement for the setw/setfill functions in Java. Using simple for loops, the methods provided on this page has the ability to mimic both functions which are available in C++.

Included in the sample code are the following:

== SETW ==
(1) right - Justifies string data of size "width," filling the width to the start of the string with whitespace (2) left - Justifies string data of size "width," filling the width to the end of the string with whitespace == SETFILL == (3) right - Justifies string data of size "width," filling the width to the start of the string with a filler character
(4) left - Justifies string data of size "width," filling the width to the end of the string with a filler character





		
		
			Setw & Setfill For Java
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jun 6, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Setw.java
//    Description: Demonstrate the use of custom setw/ios::width and
//      setfill/ios::fill functions for text formatting in Java.
// ============================================================================
public class Setw
{
    // ==== right ======================================================================
    //
    // - Set field width right align -
    //
    // Justifies string data of size "width," filling the width to the start of
    // the string with whitespace (' ').
    //
    // - USAGE -
    // right(<String> the text you wish to format, <int> size of width to be formated);
    //
    // =================================================================================
    public static void right(String str, int width)
    {
        right(str, width, ' ');
    }// end of right

    // ==== left ======================================================================
    //
    // - Set field width left align -
    //
    // Justifies string data of size "width," filling the width to the end of
    // the string with whitespace (' ').
    //
    // - USAGE -
    // left(<String> the text you wish to format, <int> size of width to be formated);
    //
    // =================================================================================
    public static void left(String str, int width)
    {
        left(str, width, ' ');
    }// end of left

    // ==== right ======================================================================
    //
    // - Set field width right align fill -
    //
    // Justifies string data of size "width," filling the width to the start of
    // the string with a filler character.
    //
    // Use this method (instead of using 'left/right') when you want so specify the
    // type of filler you want to use
    //
    // - USAGE -
    // right(<String> the text you wish to format,
    // <int> size of width to be formated, <char> the type of filler to be displayed);
    //
    // =================================================================================
    public static void right(String str, int width, char fill)
    {
        for (int x = str.length(); x < width; ++x)
        {
            System.out.print(fill);
        }
        System.out.print(str);
    }// end of right

    // ==== left ======================================================================
    //
    // - Set field width left align fill -
    //
    // Justifies string data of size "width," filling the width to the end of
    // the string with a filler character.
    //
    // Use this method (instead of using 'left/right') when you want so specify the
    // type of filler you want to use
    //
    // - USAGE -
    // left(<String> the text you wish to format,
    // <int> size of width to be formated, <char> the type of filler to be displayed);
    //
    // =================================================================================
    public static void left(String str, int width, char fill)
    {
        System.out.print(str);
        for (int x = str.length(); x < width; ++x)
        {
            System.out.print(fill);
        }
    }// end of left
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jun 6, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Setw.java
//    Description: Demonstrate the use of custom setw/ios::width and
//      setfill/ios::fill functions for text formatting in Java.
// ============================================================================
public class Setw
{
    // ==== right ======================================================================
    //
    // - Set field width right align -
    //
    // Justifies string data of size "width," filling the width to the start of
    // the string with whitespace (' ').
    //
    // - USAGE -
    // right(<String> the text you wish to format, <int> size of width to be formated);
    //
    // =================================================================================
    public static void right(String str, int width)
    {
        right(str, width, ' ');
    }// end of right
 
    // ==== left ======================================================================
    //
    // - Set field width left align -
    //
    // Justifies string data of size "width," filling the width to the end of
    // the string with whitespace (' ').
    //
    // - USAGE -
    // left(<String> the text you wish to format, <int> size of width to be formated);
    //
    // =================================================================================
    public static void left(String str, int width)
    {
        left(str, width, ' ');
    }// end of left
 
    // ==== right ======================================================================
    //
    // - Set field width right align fill -
    //
    // Justifies string data of size "width," filling the width to the start of
    // the string with a filler character.
    //
    // Use this method (instead of using 'left/right') when you want so specify the
    // type of filler you want to use
    //
    // - USAGE -
    // right(<String> the text you wish to format,
    // <int> size of width to be formated, <char> the type of filler to be displayed);
    //
    // =================================================================================
    public static void right(String str, int width, char fill)
    {
        for (int x = str.length(); x < width; ++x)
        {
            System.out.print(fill);
        }
        System.out.print(str);
    }// end of right
 
    // ==== left ======================================================================
    //
    // - Set field width left align fill -
    //
    // Justifies string data of size "width," filling the width to the end of
    // the string with a filler character.
    //
    // Use this method (instead of using 'left/right') when you want so specify the
    // type of filler you want to use
    //
    // - USAGE -
    // left(<String> the text you wish to format,
    // <int> size of width to be formated, <char> the type of filler to be displayed);
    //
    // =================================================================================
    public static void left(String str, int width, char fill)
    {
        System.out.print(str);
        for (int x = str.length(); x < width; ++x)
        {
            System.out.print(fill);
        }
    }// end of left
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

Also, you must understand minimal object oriented programming to use this code!

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

===== DEMONSTRATION HOW TO USE =====

Use of the above snippet is similar to its C++ counterpart. Here is a sample program demonstrating its use.





		
		
			How To Use Setw & Setfill
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jun 6, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Main.java
//    Description: Demonstrate the use of the Setw class
// ============================================================================
public class Main
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // this formats text, printng whitespace to the right of the string
        System.out.print("1)");
        Setw.right("This is text right aligned", 45);
        System.out.println("");

        // this formats text, printng whitespace to the left of the string
        System.out.print("2)");
        Setw.left("This is text left aligned", 45);
        System.out.print("!");
        System.out.println("");

        // this formats text, but this time, instead of printng whitespace
        // to the left of the string, it prints a "filler," which can be anything
        // you want. Currently, the filler is a exclaimation ('!')
        System.out.print("3)");
        Setw.right("This is text right aligned with filler", 45, '!');
        System.out.println("");

        // this formats text, but this time, instead of printng whitespace
        // to the right of the string, it prints a "filler," which can be anything
        // you want. Currently, the filler is a dollar sign ('$')
        System.out.print("4)");
        Setw.left("This is text left aligned with filler", 45, '$');
        System.out.println("");

        // you can also send numbers to any of the functions,
        // provided you first convert them to strings
        System.out.print("5)");
        Setw.left("This is a string with a number " + Integer.toString(1987), 45, '.');
        System.out.println("\n");

        // you can also use this method to print the famous "triangle" shapes
        System.out.println("6) This is a triangle printed using the right method");
        for(int width = 0; width <= 10; ++width)
        {
            Setw.right("", width, '*');
            System.out.println("");
        }
        System.out.println("");

        // this prints an upside down triangle
        System.out.println("7) This is an upside down triangle printed "
                + "using the left method\n");
        for(int width = 10; width > 0; --width)
        {
            Setw.left("", width, '*');
            System.out.println("");
        }
        System.out.println("");

        // this is the example receipt
        System.out.println("8) This is the example receipt\n");
        Setw.left("Ending balance:", 32, '.');
        System.out.println(" $ " + Double.toString(6433.47));

        Setw.left("Amount of deposits:", 32, '.');
        System.out.println(" $ " + Double.toString(1750.00));

        Setw.left("Amount of withdrawals:", 32, '.');
        System.out.println(" $ " + Double.toString(420.00));

        Setw.left("Amount of interest earned:", 32, '.');
        System.out.println(" $ " + Double.toString(103.47));
    }// end of main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jun 6, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Main.java
//    Description: Demonstrate the use of the Setw class
// ============================================================================
public class Main
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // this formats text, printng whitespace to the right of the string
        System.out.print("1)");
        Setw.right("This is text right aligned", 45);
        System.out.println("");
 
        // this formats text, printng whitespace to the left of the string
        System.out.print("2)");
        Setw.left("This is text left aligned", 45);
        System.out.print("!");
        System.out.println("");
 
        // this formats text, but this time, instead of printng whitespace
        // to the left of the string, it prints a "filler," which can be anything
        // you want. Currently, the filler is a exclaimation ('!')
        System.out.print("3)");
        Setw.right("This is text right aligned with filler", 45, '!');
        System.out.println("");
 
        // this formats text, but this time, instead of printng whitespace
        // to the right of the string, it prints a "filler," which can be anything
        // you want. Currently, the filler is a dollar sign ('$')
        System.out.print("4)");
        Setw.left("This is text left aligned with filler", 45, '$');
        System.out.println("");
 
        // you can also send numbers to any of the functions,
        // provided you first convert them to strings
        System.out.print("5)");
        Setw.left("This is a string with a number " + Integer.toString(1987), 45, '.');
        System.out.println("\n");
 
        // you can also use this method to print the famous "triangle" shapes
        System.out.println("6) This is a triangle printed using the right method");
        for(int width = 0; width <= 10; ++width)
        {
            Setw.right("", width, '*');
            System.out.println("");
        }
        System.out.println("");
 
        // this prints an upside down triangle
        System.out.println("7) This is an upside down triangle printed "
                + "using the left method\n");
        for(int width = 10; width > 0; --width)
        {
            Setw.left("", width, '*');
            System.out.println("");
        }
        System.out.println("");
 
        // this is the example receipt
        System.out.println("8) This is the example receipt\n");
        Setw.left("Ending balance:", 32, '.');
        System.out.println(" $ " + Double.toString(6433.47));
 
        Setw.left("Amount of deposits:", 32, '.');
        System.out.println(" $ " + Double.toString(1750.00));
 
        Setw.left("Amount of withdrawals:", 32, '.');
        System.out.println(" $ " + Double.toString(420.00));
 
        Setw.left("Amount of interest earned:", 32, '.');
        System.out.println(" $ " + Double.toString(103.47));
    }// end of main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

Once compiled, you should get this as your output





		
		
			1)                   This is text right aligned
2)This is text left aligned                    !
3)!!!!!!!This is text right aligned with filler
4)This is text left aligned with filler$$$$$$$$
5)This is a string with a number 1987..........

6) This is a triangle printed using the right method

*
**
***
****
*****
******
*******
********
*********
**********

7) This is an upside down triangle printed using the left method

**********
*********
********
*******
******
*****
****
***
**
*

8) This is the example receipt

Ending balance:................. $ 6433.47
Amount of deposits:............. $ 1750.0
Amount of withdrawals:.......... $ 420.0
Amount of interest earned:...... $ 103.47
			
				
					
				
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						1)                   This is text right aligned
2)This is text left aligned                    !
3)!!!!!!!This is text right aligned with filler
4)This is text left aligned with filler$$$$$$$$
5)This is a string with a number 1987..........
 
6) This is a triangle printed using the right method
 
*
**
***
****
*****
******
*******
********
*********
**********
 
7) This is an upside down triangle printed using the left method
 
**********
*********
********
*******
******
*****
****
***
**
*
 
8) This is the example receipt
 
Ending balance:................. $ 6433.47
Amount of deposits:............. $ 1750.0
Amount of withdrawals:.......... $ 420.0
Amount of interest earned:...... $ 103.47

Java || Whats My Name? – Practice Using Strings, Methods & Switch Statemens

June 05, 2012 admin No comments

Here is another actual homework assignment which was presented in an intro to programming class. This program highlights more use using strings, modules, and switch statements.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

How To Get String Input If/Else Statements Methods (A.K.A "Functions") - What Are They? Switch Statements - How To Use Them Equal - String Comparison

This program first prompts the user to enter their name. Upon receiving that information, the program saves input into a string called “firstName.” The program then asks if the user has a middle name. If they do, the user will enter a middle name. If they dont, the program proceeds to ask for a last name. Upon receiving the first, [middle], and last names, the program will append the first, [middle], and last names into a completely new string titled “fullName.” Lastly, if the users’ first, [middle], or last names are the same, the program will display that data to the screen via stdout. The program will also display to the user the number of characters their full name contains using the built in function “length.”





		
		
			Whats My Name?
			
Java
			
			import java.util.Scanner;

public class NameString
{
   // global variable declaration	
   static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);  
   
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
	   // declare variables
	   char response = ' '; 
	   String firstName= "";
	   String fullName="";
	   
	   // display message to screen
	   System.out.println("nWelcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.");
	   
	   // get first name from user
	   System.out.print("Please enter your first name: ");
	   firstName = cin.next();	
	   
	   System.out.print("nDo you have a middle name?(Y/N): ");
	   String choice = cin.next();
	   choice = choice.toUpperCase();
	   response = choice.charAt(0);
	   
	   // use a switch statement to detrmine which function will be called
	   switch(response)
	   {
	    	case 'Y':
	   		fullName = FirstMiddleLast(firstName); // method declaration
	   		break;
	    	case 'N':
	   		fullName = FirstLast(firstName); // method declaration
	   		break;
	    	default:
	   		System.out.print("nPlease press either 'Y' or 'N'n"
	   			+ "Program exiting...n");
	   		System.exit(1);
	   		break;	   				
	   }
	   
	   System.out.println("And your full name is "+fullName);	   
   }// end of main
   
   // ==== FirstMiddleLast ====================================================
   //
   // This module will take as input the first name, and prompt the user for 
   // their middle and last name. Then it will display the total number of 
   // characters in their name. It returns the full name back to main  
   //
   // =========================================================================  
   private static String FirstMiddleLast(String firstName) 
   {
	   String middleName="";
	   String lastName="";
	   String fullName="";
	   
	   System.out.print("nPlease enter your middle name: ");	   
	   middleName = cin.next();
	   
	   System.out.print("Please enter your last name: ");
	   lastName = cin.next(); 
	   
	   // copy the contents from the 3 strings into the 'fullName' string
	   fullName = firstName+" "+middleName+" "+lastName;
	   
	   System.out.println("");
	   
	   // check to see if the first, middle or last names are the same
	   // if they are, display a message to the user
	   if(firstName.equals(middleName))
	   {
	      System.out.print("tYour first and middle name are the samen");
	   }
	   if(middleName.equals(lastName))
	   {
	      System.out.print("tYour middle and last name are the samen");
	   }	
	   if(firstName.equals(lastName))
	   {
	      System.out.print("tYour first and last name are the samen");
	   }
	   
	   // display the total length of the string, minus the 2 white spaces
	   System.out.println("nThe total number of characters in your "
			   +"name is: "+(fullName.length()-2));
	   
	   // return the full name string to main
	   return fullName;
   }// end of FirstMiddleLast
   
   // ==== FirstLast ==========================================================
   //
   // This module will take as input the first name, and prompt the user for
   // their last name. Then it will display the total number of characters in
   // their name. It returns the full name back to main  
   //   
   // ============================================================================   
   private static String FirstLast(String firstName) 
   {
	   String lastName="";
	   String fullName="";
	   
	   System.out.print("nPlease enter your last name: ");
	   lastName = cin.next(); 
	   
	   // copy the contents from the 3 strings into the 'fullName' string
	   fullName = firstName+" "+lastName;
	   
	   System.out.println("");
	   
	   // check to see if the first or last names are the same
	   // if they are, display a message to the user
	   if(firstName.equals(lastName))
	   {
	      System.out.print("tYour first and last name are the samen");
	   }
	   
	   // display the total length of the string, minus the white space
	   System.out.println("nThe total number of characters in your "
			   +"name is: "+(fullName.length()-1));
	   
	   // return the full name string to main
	   return fullName;
   }// end of FirstLast   
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class NameString
{
   // global variable declaration	
   static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);  
   
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
	   // declare variables
	   char response = ' '; 
	   String firstName= "";
	   String fullName="";
	   
	   // display message to screen
	   System.out.println("nWelcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.");
	   
	   // get first name from user
	   System.out.print("Please enter your first name: ");
	   firstName = cin.next();	
	   
	   System.out.print("nDo you have a middle name?(Y/N): ");
	   String choice = cin.next();
	   choice = choice.toUpperCase();
	   response = choice.charAt(0);
	   
	   // use a switch statement to detrmine which function will be called
	   switch(response)
	   {
	    	case 'Y':
	   		fullName = FirstMiddleLast(firstName); // method declaration
	   		break;
	    	case 'N':
	   		fullName = FirstLast(firstName); // method declaration
	   		break;
	    	default:
	   		System.out.print("nPlease press either 'Y' or 'N'n"
	   			+ "Program exiting...n");
	   		System.exit(1);
	   		break;	   				
	   }
	   
	   System.out.println("And your full name is "+fullName);	   
   }// end of main
   
   // ==== FirstMiddleLast ====================================================
   //
   // This module will take as input the first name, and prompt the user for 
   // their middle and last name. Then it will display the total number of 
   // characters in their name. It returns the full name back to main  
   //
   // =========================================================================  
   private static String FirstMiddleLast(String firstName) 
   {
	   String middleName="";
	   String lastName="";
	   String fullName="";
	   
	   System.out.print("nPlease enter your middle name: ");	   
	   middleName = cin.next();
	   
	   System.out.print("Please enter your last name: ");
	   lastName = cin.next(); 
	   
	   // copy the contents from the 3 strings into the 'fullName' string
	   fullName = firstName+" "+middleName+" "+lastName;
	   
	   System.out.println("");
	   
	   // check to see if the first, middle or last names are the same
	   // if they are, display a message to the user
	   if(firstName.equals(middleName))
	   {
	      System.out.print("tYour first and middle name are the samen");
	   }
	   if(middleName.equals(lastName))
	   {
	      System.out.print("tYour middle and last name are the samen");
	   }	
	   if(firstName.equals(lastName))
	   {
	      System.out.print("tYour first and last name are the samen");
	   }
	   
	   // display the total length of the string, minus the 2 white spaces
	   System.out.println("nThe total number of characters in your "
			   +"name is: "+(fullName.length()-2));
	   
	   // return the full name string to main
	   return fullName;
   }// end of FirstMiddleLast
   
   // ==== FirstLast ==========================================================
   //
   // This module will take as input the first name, and prompt the user for
   // their last name. Then it will display the total number of characters in
   // their name. It returns the full name back to main  
   //   
   // ============================================================================   
   private static String FirstLast(String firstName) 
   {
	   String lastName="";
	   String fullName="";
	   
	   System.out.print("nPlease enter your last name: ");
	   lastName = cin.next(); 
	   
	   // copy the contents from the 3 strings into the 'fullName' string
	   fullName = firstName+" "+lastName;
	   
	   System.out.println("");
	   
	   // check to see if the first or last names are the same
	   // if they are, display a message to the user
	   if(firstName.equals(lastName))
	   {
	      System.out.print("tYour first and last name are the samen");
	   }
	   
	   // display the total length of the string, minus the white space
	   System.out.println("nThe total number of characters in your "
			   +"name is: "+(fullName.length()-1));
	   
	   // return the full name string to main
	   return fullName;
   }// end of FirstLast   
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output
Note: The code was compiled five separate times to display the different outputs its able to produce

====== RUN 1 ======
Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program. Please enter your first name: My Do you have a middle name?(Y/N): y Please enter your middle name: Programming Please enter your last name: Notes The total number of characters in your name is: 18 And your full name is My Programming Notes ====== RUN 2 ====== Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program. Please enter your first name: Programming Do you have a middle name?(Y/N): n Please enter your last name: Notes The total number of characters in your name is: 16 And your full name is Programming Notes ====== RUN 3 ====== Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program. Please enter your first name: Notes Do you have a middle name?(Y/N): y Please enter your middle name: Notes Please enter your last name: Notes Your first and middle name are the same Your middle and last name are the same Your first and last name are the same The total number of characters in your name is: 15 And your full name is Notes Notes Notes ====== RUN 4 ====== Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program. Please enter your first name: My Do you have a middle name?(Y/N): n Please enter your last name: My Your first and last name are the same The total number of characters in your name is: 4 And your full name is My My ====== RUN 5 ====== Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program. Please enter your first name: My Do you have a middle name?(Y/N): z
Please press either 'Y' or 'N' Program exiting...

Java || Count The Total Number Of Characters, Vowels, & UPPERCASE Letters Contained In A Sentence Using A ‘For Loop’

June 04, 2012 admin No comments

Here is a simple program, which demonstrates more practice using the input/output mechanisms which are available in Java.

This program will prompt the user to enter a sentence, then upon entering an “exit code,” will display the total number of uppercase letters, vowels and characters which are contained within that sentence. This program is very similar to an earlier project, this time, utilizing a for loop, strings, and user defined methods.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

How To Get String Input If/Else Statements For Loops Methods (A.K.A "Functions") - What Are They?





		
		
			Count Characters, Vowels, & UPPERCASE Letters
			
Java
			
			import java.util.Scanner;

public class VowelCount
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
	   // declare variables
	   int numUpperCase = 0;
	   int numVowel = 0;
	   int numChars = 0;
	   char character = ' '; 
	   String userInput= " ";
	   Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	   
	   // display message to screen
	   System.out.println("nWelcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.");
	   
	   System.out.print("Enter a sentence, ending with a period: ");
	   userInput = cin.nextLine();	    
	   
	   // loop thru the string until we reach the 'exit code'
	   for(int index=0; userInput.charAt(index) != '.'; ++index)
	   {
		   character = userInput.charAt(index);

		   // do nothing, we dont care about whitespace
		   if(character == ' ')
		   {
			   continue;
		   }
		   
		   // check to see if entered data is UPPERCASE
		   if((character >= 'A')&&(character <= 'Z'))
		   {
			   ++numUpperCase; // Increments Total number of uppercase by one
		   } 
		   
		   // check to see if entered data is a vowel
		   if((character == 'a')||(character == 'A')||(character == 'e')||
				   (character == 'E')||(character == 'i')||(character == 'I')||
				   (character == 'o')||(character == 'O')||(character == 'u')||
				   (character == 'U')||(character == 'y')||(character == 'Y'))
		   {
			   ++numVowel; // increment total number of vowels by one
		   }
		
		   ++numChars;  // increment total number of chars by one
	   }
	   
	   setwf("ntTotal number of upper case letters:", 45,'.');	   
	   System.out.println(numUpperCase);
	   setwf("tTotal number of vowels:", 44,'.');
	   System.out.println(numVowel);
	   setwf("tTotal number of characters:", 44,'.');
	   System.out.println(numChars);
   }// end of main
   
   public static void setwf(String str, int width, char fill)
   {// this mimics the C++ 'setw' function & formats string output to the screen
	   System.out.print(str);
	   for (int x = str.length(); x < width; ++x) 
	   {
		   System.out.print(fill);			   
	   }
   }// end of setwf
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class VowelCount
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
	   // declare variables
	   int numUpperCase = 0;
	   int numVowel = 0;
	   int numChars = 0;
	   char character = ' '; 
	   String userInput= " ";
	   Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	   
	   // display message to screen
	   System.out.println("nWelcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.");
	   
	   System.out.print("Enter a sentence, ending with a period: ");
	   userInput = cin.nextLine();	    
	   
	   // loop thru the string until we reach the 'exit code'
	   for(int index=0; userInput.charAt(index) != '.'; ++index)
	   {
		   character = userInput.charAt(index);
 
		   // do nothing, we dont care about whitespace
		   if(character == ' ')
		   {
			   continue;
		   }
		   
		   // check to see if entered data is UPPERCASE
		   if((character >= 'A')&&(character <= 'Z'))
		   {
			   ++numUpperCase; // Increments Total number of uppercase by one
		   } 
		   
		   // check to see if entered data is a vowel
		   if((character == 'a')||(character == 'A')||(character == 'e')||
				   (character == 'E')||(character == 'i')||(character == 'I')||
				   (character == 'o')||(character == 'O')||(character == 'u')||
				   (character == 'U')||(character == 'y')||(character == 'Y'))
		   {
			   ++numVowel; // increment total number of vowels by one
		   }
		
		   ++numChars;  // increment total number of chars by one
	   }
	   
	   setwf("ntTotal number of upper case letters:", 45,'.');	   
	   System.out.println(numUpperCase);
	   setwf("tTotal number of vowels:", 44,'.');
	   System.out.println(numVowel);
	   setwf("tTotal number of characters:", 44,'.');
	   System.out.println(numChars);
   }// end of main
   
   public static void setwf(String str, int width, char fill)
   {// this mimics the C++ 'setw' function & formats string output to the screen
	   System.out.print(str);
	   for (int x = str.length(); x < width; ++x) 
	   {
		   System.out.print(fill);			   
	   }
   }// end of setwf
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted portions are areas of interest.

Notice line 22 contains the for loop declaration. The loop will continually loop thru the string, and will not stop doing so until it reaches an exit character, and the defined exit character in this program is a period (“.”). So, the program will not stop looping thru the string until it reaches a period.

Once compiling the above code, you should receive this as your output

Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.
Enter a sentence, ending with a period: My Programming Notes Is An Awesome Site.
Total number of upper case letters:........7 Total number of vowels:....................14 Total number of characters:................33

Java || Compute The Sum From A String Of Integers & Display Each Number Individually

June 03, 2012 admin No comments

Here is a simple program, which was presented in a Java course. This program was used to introduce the input/output mechanisms which are available in Java. This assignment was modeled after Exercise 2.30, taken from the textbook “Java How to Program” (early objects) (9th Edition) (Deitel). It is the same exercise in both the 8th and 9th editions.

Our class was asked to make a program which prompts the user to enter a non-negative integer into the system. The program was supposed to then extract the digits from the inputted number, displaying them each individually, separated by a white space (” “). After the digits are displayed, the program was then supposed to display the sum of those digits to the screen. So for example, if the user inputted the number “39465,” the program would output the numbers 3 9 4 6 5 individually, and then the sum of 27.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

How To Get String Input If/Else Statements Do/While Loops For Loops Methods (A.K.A "Functions") - What Are They? ParseInt - Convert String To Integer Substring Try/Catch





		
		
			Compute The Sum From A String Of Numbers
			
Java
			
			import java.util.Scanner;
import java.lang.Math;

public class SumFromString
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
	   // declare variables
	   char question = 'n';
	   String userInput= " ";
	   Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	   
	   // display message to screen
	   System.out.println("nWelcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.");
	   
	   do{// this is the start of the do/while loop	   
		   int sum = 0;
		   
		   // get data from the user
		   System.out.print("nEnter a non negative integer: ");
		   userInput = cin.nextLine();
		   
		   System.out.println("");
		   
		   // if the string isnt a number, dont compute the sum
		   if(!IsNumeric(userInput))
		   {
			   System.out.println(userInput+" is not a number...");
			   System.out.println("Please enter digits only!");	
		   }
		   
		   // if the string is a negative number, dont compute the sum
		   else if(IsNegative(userInput))
		   {
			   System.out.println(userInput+" is a negative number...");
			   System.out.println("Please enter positive digits only!");
		   }
		   
		   // if the string is a decimal number (i.e 19.87), dont compute the sum
		   else if(IsDecimal(userInput))
		   {
			   System.out.println(userInput+" is a decimal number...");
			   System.out.println("Please enter positive whole numbers only!");		  		
		   }
		   
		   // if everything else checks out OK, then compute the sum
		   else
		   {
			   System.out.print("The digits are: ");
			   sum = ComputeSum(userInput); 
			   System.out.println("and the sum is " + sum);
		   }
		   
		   // ask user if they want to enter more data
		   System.out.print("nDo you have more data for input? (Y/N): ");
		   String response = cin.nextLine();
		   response=response.toLowerCase();
		   question = response.charAt(0);
		   
		   System.out.println("n------------------------------------------------");
		   
	   }while(question == 'y');
	   
	   System.out.print("nBYE!n");
   }// end of main
   
   public static boolean IsNumeric(String str)  
   {// checks to see if a string is a number  
	   try
	   { 
		   Double.parseDouble(str);
		   return true;		   
	   }
	   catch(NumberFormatException nfe)
	   { 
		   return false;
	   }
   }// end of IsNumeric
   
   public static boolean IsNegative(String str)  
   {// checks to see if string is a negative number  
	   return Double.parseDouble(str) < 0;
   }// end of IsNegative   
   
   public static boolean IsDecimal(String str)  
   {// checks to see if string is a decimal number  
	   return (Math.floor(Double.parseDouble(str))) != Double.parseDouble(str);
   }// end of IsDecimal
   
   public static int ComputeSum(String userInput)
   {// displays each number individually & computes the sum of the string 
	   int sum = 0;
	   String[] temp = new String[userInput.length()];
	   
	   for(int counter=0; counter < userInput.length(); ++counter)
	   {
		   temp[counter] = userInput.substring(counter,counter+1); 
		   System.out.print(temp[counter] + " ");
		   sum = sum + Integer.parseInt(temp[counter]);
	   }
	   return sum;
   }// end of ComputeSum
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						import java.util.Scanner;
import java.lang.Math;
 
public class SumFromString
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
	   // declare variables
	   char question = 'n';
	   String userInput= " ";
	   Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
	   
	   // display message to screen
	   System.out.println("nWelcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.");
	   
	   do{// this is the start of the do/while loop	   
		   int sum = 0;
		   
		   // get data from the user
		   System.out.print("nEnter a non negative integer: ");
		   userInput = cin.nextLine();
		   
		   System.out.println("");
		   
		   // if the string isnt a number, dont compute the sum
		   if(!IsNumeric(userInput))
		   {
			   System.out.println(userInput+" is not a number...");
			   System.out.println("Please enter digits only!");	
		   }
		   
		   // if the string is a negative number, dont compute the sum
		   else if(IsNegative(userInput))
		   {
			   System.out.println(userInput+" is a negative number...");
			   System.out.println("Please enter positive digits only!");
		   }
		   
		   // if the string is a decimal number (i.e 19.87), dont compute the sum
		   else if(IsDecimal(userInput))
		   {
			   System.out.println(userInput+" is a decimal number...");
			   System.out.println("Please enter positive whole numbers only!");		  		
		   }
		   
		   // if everything else checks out OK, then compute the sum
		   else
		   {
			   System.out.print("The digits are: ");
			   sum = ComputeSum(userInput); 
			   System.out.println("and the sum is " + sum);
		   }
		   
		   // ask user if they want to enter more data
		   System.out.print("nDo you have more data for input? (Y/N): ");
		   String response = cin.nextLine();
		   response=response.toLowerCase();
		   question = response.charAt(0);
		   
		   System.out.println("n------------------------------------------------");
		   
	   }while(question == 'y');
	   
	   System.out.print("nBYE!n");
   }// end of main
   
   public static boolean IsNumeric(String str)  
   {// checks to see if a string is a number  
	   try
	   { 
		   Double.parseDouble(str);
		   return true;		   
	   }
	   catch(NumberFormatException nfe)
	   { 
		   return false;
	   }
   }// end of IsNumeric
   
   public static boolean IsNegative(String str)  
   {// checks to see if string is a negative number  
	   return Double.parseDouble(str) < 0;
   }// end of IsNegative   
   
   public static boolean IsDecimal(String str)  
   {// checks to see if string is a decimal number  
	   return (Math.floor(Double.parseDouble(str))) != Double.parseDouble(str);
   }// end of IsDecimal
   
   public static int ComputeSum(String userInput)
   {// displays each number individually & computes the sum of the string 
	   int sum = 0;
	   String[] temp = new String[userInput.length()];
	   
	   for(int counter=0; counter < userInput.length(); ++counter)
	   {
		   temp[counter] = userInput.substring(counter,counter+1); 
		   System.out.print(temp[counter] + " ");
		   sum = sum + Integer.parseInt(temp[counter]);
	   }
	   return sum;
   }// end of ComputeSum
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

Welcome to My Programming Notes' Java Program.
Enter a non negative integer: 0 The digits are: 0 and the sum is 0 Do you have more data for input? (Y/N): y ------------------------------------------------ Enter a non negative integer: 39465 The digits are: 3 9 4 6 5 and the sum is 27 Do you have more data for input? (Y/N): y ------------------------------------------------ Enter a non negative integer: H3ll0 W0rld H3ll0 W0rld is not a number... Please enter digits only! Do you have more data for input? (Y/N): y ------------------------------------------------ Enter a non negative integer: -98 -98 is a negative number... Please enter positive digits only! Do you have more data for input? (Y/N): y ------------------------------------------------ Enter a non negative integer: 19.87 19.87 is a decimal number... Please enter positive whole numbers only! Do you have more data for input? (Y/N): n ------------------------------------------------
BYE!

Java || Using If Statements, Char & String Variables

March 05, 2012 admin 1 Comment

As previously mentioned, you can use the “int/float/double” data type to store numbers. But what if you want to store letters? Char and Strings help you do that.

===== SINGLE CHAR =====

This example will demonstrate a simple program using char, which checks to see if you entered the correctly predefined letter.





		
		
			#1 - Guess a letter
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 30, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  GuessALetter.java
//    Description: Demonstrates using char variables
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;

public class GuessALetter
{
    // global variable declaration
    static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // declare variables
        char userInput = ' ';

        System.out.print("Please try to guess the letter I am thinking of: ");
        // get a single character from the user data input
        userInput = cin.next().charAt(0);

        // Use an If Statement to check equality
        if (userInput == 'a' || userInput == 'A')
        {
            System.out.println("You have Guessed correctly!");
        }
        else
        {
            System.out.println("Sorry, that was not the correct letter I was thinking of");
        }
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 30, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  GuessALetter.java
//    Description: Demonstrates using char variables
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class GuessALetter
{
    // global variable declaration
    static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // declare variables
        char userInput = ' ';
 
        System.out.print("Please try to guess the letter I am thinking of: ");
        // get a single character from the user data input
        userInput = cin.next().charAt(0);
 
        // Use an If Statement to check equality
        if (userInput == 'a' || userInput == 'A')
        {
            System.out.println("You have Guessed correctly!");
        }
        else
        {
            System.out.println("Sorry, that was not the correct letter I was thinking of");
        }
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

Notice in line 19 I declare the char data type, naming it “userInput.” I also initialized it as an empty variable. In line 26 I used an “If/Else Statement” to determine if the user inputted value matches the predefined letter within the program. I also used the “OR” operator in line 26 to determine if the letter the user inputted was lower or uppercase. Try compiling the program simply using this
if (userInput == 'a') as your if statement, and notice the difference.

The resulting code should give this as output

Please try to guess the letter I am thinking of: A You have Guessed correctly!

===== CHECK IF LETTER IS UPPER CASE =====

This example is similar to the previous one, and will check if a letter is uppercase





		
		
			#2 - Is Input Uppercase?
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 30, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  CheckIfUppercase.java
//    Description: Demonstrates checking if a char variable is uppercase
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;

public class CheckIfUppercase
{
    // global variable declaration
    static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // declare variables
        char userInput = ' ';

        System.out.print("Please enter an UPPERCASE letter: ");
        // get a single character from the user data input
        userInput = cin.next().charAt(0);

        // Checks to see if inputted data falls between uppercase values
        if ((userInput >= 'A') && (userInput <= 'Z'))
        {
            System.out.println(userInput + " is an uppercase letter");
        }
        else
        {
            System.out.println(userInput + " is not an uppercase letter");
        }
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 30, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  CheckIfUppercase.java
//    Description: Demonstrates checking if a char variable is uppercase
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class CheckIfUppercase
{
    // global variable declaration
    static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // declare variables
        char userInput = ' ';
 
        System.out.print("Please enter an UPPERCASE letter: ");
        // get a single character from the user data input
        userInput = cin.next().charAt(0);
 
        // Checks to see if inputted data falls between uppercase values
        if ((userInput >= 'A') && (userInput <= 'Z'))
        {
            System.out.println(userInput + " is an uppercase letter");
        }
        else
        {
            System.out.println(userInput + " is not an uppercase letter");
        }
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

Notice in line 26, an If statement was used, which checked to see if the user inputted data fell between letter A and letter Z. We did that by using the “AND” operator. So that IF statement is basically saying (in plain english)

IF ('userInput' is equal to or greater than 'A') AND ('userInput' is equal to or less than 'Z')
THEN it is an uppercase letter

The resulting code should give this as output

Please enter an UPPERCASE letter: p p is not an uppercase letter

===== CHECK IF LETTER IS A VOWEL =====

This example will utilize more if statements, checking to see if the user inputted data is a vowel or not. This will be very similar to the previous example, utilizing the OR operator once again.





		
		
			#3 - Is Input a Vowel?
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 30, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  CheckIfVowel.java
//    Description: Demonstrates checking if a char variable is a vowel
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;

public class CheckIfVowel
{
    // global variable declaration
    static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // declare variables
        char userInput = ' ';

        System.out.print("Please enter a vowel: ");
        // get a single character from the user data input
        userInput = cin.next().charAt(0);

         // Checks to see if entered data is A,E,I,O,U,Y
         if ((userInput == 'a')||(userInput == 'A')||(userInput == 'e')||
            (userInput == 'E')||(userInput == 'i')||(userInput == 'I')||
            (userInput == 'o')||(userInput == 'O')||(userInput == 'u')||
            (userInput == 'U')||(userInput == 'y')||(userInput == 'Y'))
         {
              System.out.println("Correct, " + userInput + " is a vowel!");
         }
         else
         {
              System.out.println("Sorry, " + userInput + " is not a vowel");
         }
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 30, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  CheckIfVowel.java
//    Description: Demonstrates checking if a char variable is a vowel
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class CheckIfVowel
{
    // global variable declaration
    static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // declare variables
        char userInput = ' ';
 
        System.out.print("Please enter a vowel: ");
        // get a single character from the user data input
        userInput = cin.next().charAt(0);
 
         // Checks to see if entered data is A,E,I,O,U,Y
         if ((userInput == 'a')||(userInput == 'A')||(userInput == 'e')||
            (userInput == 'E')||(userInput == 'i')||(userInput == 'I')||
            (userInput == 'o')||(userInput == 'O')||(userInput == 'u')||
            (userInput == 'U')||(userInput == 'y')||(userInput == 'Y'))
         {
              System.out.println("Correct, " + userInput + " is a vowel!");
         }
         else
         {
              System.out.println("Sorry, " + userInput + " is not a vowel");
         }
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

This program should be very straight forward, and its basically checking to see if the user entered data is the letter A, E, I, O, U or Y.

The resulting code should give the following output

Please enter a vowel: o Correct, o is a vowel!

===== HELLO WORLD v2 =====

This last example will demonstrate using the string data type to print the line “Hello World!” to the screen.





		
		
			#4 - Hello World - String Version
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 30, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  HelloWorldString.java
//    Description: Demonstrates using string variables
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;

public class HelloWorldString
{
    // global variable declaration
    static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // declare variables
        String userInput = "";

        System.out.print("Please enter a sentence: ");
        // get a string from the user
        userInput = cin.nextLine();

        // display message to user
        System.out.println("You entered: " + userInput);
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 30, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  HelloWorldString.java
//    Description: Demonstrates using string variables
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class HelloWorldString
{
    // global variable declaration
    static Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        // declare variables
        String userInput = "";
 
        System.out.print("Please enter a sentence: ");
        // get a string from the user
        userInput = cin.nextLine();
 
        // display message to user
        System.out.println("You entered: " + userInput);
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

The resulting code should give following output

Please enter a sentence: Hello World! You entered: Hello World!

===== HOW TO COMPILE CODE USING THE TERMINAL =====

*** This can be achieved by typing the following command:
(Notice the .java source file is named exactly the same as the class header)

javac YOUR_CLASS_NAME.java

*** To run the compiled program, simply type this command:

java YOUR_CLASS_NAME

Java || Simple Math Using Int & Double

March 04, 2012 admin No comments

This page will display the use of int and double data types.

==== ADDING TWO NUMBERS TOGETHER ====

To add two numbers together, you will have to first declare your variables by doing something like this.





		
		
			#1 - Adding 2 Numbers Together
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Mar 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 7, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Add.java
//    Description: Demonstrates adding numbers together
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Add {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // declare variables
        int num1 = 0;
        int num2 = 0;
        int sum = 0;

        // prepare Scanner for integer data input
        Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);

        // get data from user
        System.out.print("Please enter the first number: ");
        num1 = cin.nextInt();

        System.out.print("Please enter the second number: ");
        num2 = cin.nextInt();

        // calculate the sum of the two numbers
        sum = num1 + num2;

        // display results to the user
        System.out.println("The sum of " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is: " + sum);
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Mar 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 7, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Add.java
//    Description: Demonstrates adding numbers together
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class Add {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // declare variables
        int num1 = 0;
        int num2 = 0;
        int sum = 0;
 
        // prepare Scanner for integer data input
        Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
 
        // get data from user
        System.out.print("Please enter the first number: ");
        num1 = cin.nextInt();
 
        System.out.print("Please enter the second number: ");
        num2 = cin.nextInt();
 
        // calculate the sum of the two numbers
        sum = num1 + num2;
 
        // display results to the user
        System.out.println("The sum of " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is: " + sum);
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

Notice in lines 14-16, I declared my variables, giving them a name. You can name your variables anything you want, with a rule of thumb as naming them something meaningful to your code (i.e avoid giving your variables arbitrary names like “x” or “y”). In line 29 the actual math process is taking place, storing the sum of “num1” and “num2” in a variable called “sum.” I also initialized my variables to zero. You should always initialize your variables.

I obtained data from the user by using the Scanner Class.

===== HOW TO COMPILE CODE USING THE TERMINAL =====

*** This can be achieved by typing the following command:
(Notice the .java source file is named exactly the same as the class header)

javac Add.java

*** To run the compiled program, simply type this command:

java Add

The above code should give you the following output:

Please enter the first number: 8 Please enter the second number: 24 The sum of 8 and 24 is: 32

==== SUBTRACTING TWO NUMBERS ====

Subtracting two ints works the same way as the above code, and we would only need to edit the above code in one place to achieve that. In line 29, replace the addition symbol with a subtraction sign, and you should have something like this





		
		
			#2 - Subtracting 2 Numbers Together
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Mar 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 7, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Subtract.java
//    Description: Demonstrates subtracting numbers together
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Subtract {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // declare variables
        int num1 = 0;
        double num2 = 0;
        double sum = 0;

        // prepare Scanner for integer data input
        Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);

        // get data from user
        System.out.print("Please enter the first number: ");
        num1 = cin.nextInt();

        System.out.print("Please enter the second number: ");
        num2 = cin.nextDouble();

        // calculate the difference of the two numbers
        sum = num1 - num2;

        // display results to the user
        System.out.println("The difference between " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is: " + sum);
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Mar 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 7, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Subtract.java
//    Description: Demonstrates subtracting numbers together
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class Subtract {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // declare variables
        int num1 = 0;
        double num2 = 0;
        double sum = 0;
 
        // prepare Scanner for integer data input
        Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
 
        // get data from user
        System.out.print("Please enter the first number: ");
        num1 = cin.nextInt();
 
        System.out.print("Please enter the second number: ");
        num2 = cin.nextDouble();
 
        // calculate the difference of the two numbers
        sum = num1 - num2;
 
        // display results to the user
        System.out.println("The difference between " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is: " + sum);
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

Note: In the above example, “cin.nextDouble()” was used on line 26 in place of “nextInt.” The declaration “nextDouble” can be used in place of “nextInt” in case you want to obtain floating point data from the user.

===== HOW TO COMPILE CODE USING THE TERMINAL =====

*** This can be achieved by typing the following command:
(Notice the .java source file is named exactly the same as the class header)

javac Subtract.java

*** To run the compiled program, simply type this command:

java Subtract

The above code should give you the following output

Please enter the first number: 8 Please enter the second number: 23.99999 The difference between 8 and 23.99999 is: -15.99999

==== MULTIPLYING TWO NUMBERS ====

This can be achieved the same way as the 2 previous methods, simply by editing line 29, and replacing the designated math operator with the star symbol “*”.





		
		
			#3 - Multiplying 2 Numbers Together
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Mar 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 7, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Multiply.java
//    Description: Demonstrates multiplying numbers together
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Multiply {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // declare variables
        double num1 = 0;
        int num2 = 0;
        double sum = 0;

        // prepare Scanner for integer data input
        Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);

        // get data from user
        System.out.print("Please enter the first number: ");
        num1 = cin.nextDouble();

        System.out.print("Please enter the second number: ");
        num2 = cin.nextInt();

        // calculate the product of the two numbers
        sum = num1 * num2;

        // display results to the user
        System.out.println("The product of " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is: " + sum);
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Mar 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 7, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Multiply.java
//    Description: Demonstrates multiplying numbers together
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class Multiply {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // declare variables
        double num1 = 0;
        int num2 = 0;
        double sum = 0;
 
        // prepare Scanner for integer data input
        Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
 
        // get data from user
        System.out.print("Please enter the first number: ");
        num1 = cin.nextDouble();
 
        System.out.print("Please enter the second number: ");
        num2 = cin.nextInt();
 
        // calculate the product of the two numbers
        sum = num1 * num2;
 
        // display results to the user
        System.out.println("The product of " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is: " + sum);
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

===== HOW TO COMPILE CODE USING THE TERMINAL =====

*** This can be achieved by typing the following command:
(Notice the .java source file is named exactly the same as the class header)

javac Multiply.java

*** To run the compiled program, simply type this command:

java Multiply

The above code should give you the following output

Please enter the first number: 7.999999 Please enter the second number: 24 The product of 7.999999 and 24 is: 191.99997

==== DIVIDING TWO NUMBERS TOGETHER ====

In division, when you divide numbers together, sometimes they end in decimals. Int data types can not store decimal data (try it yourself and see), so here is where the use of the double data type is mandatory.





		
		
			#4 - Dividing 2 Numbers Together
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Mar 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 7, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Divide.java
//    Description: Demonstrates dividing numbers together
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Divide {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // declare variables
        double num1 = 0;
        double num2 = 0;
        double sum = 0;

        // prepare Scanner for integer data input
        Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);

        // get data from user
        System.out.print("Please enter the first number: ");
        num1 = cin.nextDouble();

        System.out.print("Please enter the second number: ");
        num2 = cin.nextDouble();

        // calculate the quotient of the two numbers
        sum = num1 / num2;

        // display results to the user
        System.out.println("The quotient of " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is: " + sum);
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Mar 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 7, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Divide.java
//    Description: Demonstrates dividing numbers together
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class Divide {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // declare variables
        double num1 = 0;
        double num2 = 0;
        double sum = 0;
 
        // prepare Scanner for integer data input
        Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
 
        // get data from user
        System.out.print("Please enter the first number: ");
        num1 = cin.nextDouble();
 
        System.out.print("Please enter the second number: ");
        num2 = cin.nextDouble();
 
        // calculate the quotient of the two numbers
        sum = num1 / num2;
 
        // display results to the user
        System.out.println("The quotient of " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is: " + sum);
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

===== HOW TO COMPILE CODE USING THE TERMINAL =====

*** This can be achieved by typing the following command:
(Notice the .java source file is named exactly the same as the class header)

javac Divide.java

*** To run the compiled program, simply type this command:

java Divide

The above code should give the following output

Please enter the first number: 7.99999 Please enter the second number: 23.99999 The quotient of 7.99999 and 23.99999 is: 0.33333305

==== MODULUS ====

If you wanted to capture the remainder of the quotient you calculated from the above code, you would use the modulus operator (%).

From the above code, you would only need to edit line 29, from division, to modulus.





		
		
			#5 - Getting the Remainder of 2 Numbers
			
Java
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Mar 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 7, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Modulus.java
//    Description: Demonstrates performing modulus on numbers
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Modulus {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // declare variables
        double num1 = 0;
        int num2 = 0;
        double remainder = 0;

        // prepare Scanner for integer data input
        Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);

        // get data from user
        System.out.print("Please enter the first number: ");
        num1 = cin.nextDouble();

        System.out.print("Please enter the second number: ");
        num2 = cin.nextInt();

        // calculate the remainder of the two numbers
        remainder = num1 % num2;

        // display results to the user
        System.out.println("The remainder of " + num1 + " and " + num2 + " is: " + remainder);
    }// end main
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Mar 4, 2012
//    Updated: Mar 7, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  Modulus.java
//    Description: Demonstrates performing modulus on numbers
// ============================================================================
import java.util.Scanner;
 
public class Modulus {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // declare variables
        double num1 = 0;
        int num2 = 0;
        double remainder = 0;
 
        // prepare Scanner for integer data input
        Scanner cin = new Scanner(System.in);
 
        // get data from user
        System.out.print("Please enter the first number: ");
        num1 = cin.nextDouble();
 
        System.out.print("Please enter the second number: ")<