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C++ || Snippet – Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort, Quick Sort & Merge Sort Sample Code For Integer Arrays

February 11, 2012 admin 1 Comment

This page consists of algorithms for sorting integer arrays. Highlighted on this page are Bubble Sort, Selection Sort, Insertion Sort, Quick Sort, and Merge Sort.

In terms of performance and speed, the sorting algorithms on this page will be listed from the (on average) worst, to best case implementations.

Selection sort and Insertion sort are two simple sorting algorithms which are often more efficient than Bubble Sort, though all three techniques aren’t the top of the class algorithmically for sorting large data sets.

====== BUBBLE SORT ======





		
		
			#1 - Modified Bubble Sort
			
C++
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Feb 11, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  bubbleSort.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates how to sort an array using bubble sort
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

// const int
const int NUM_INTS = 12;

// function prototype
void BubbleSort(int arry[], int arraySize);

int main()
{
    // variable declarations
    int arry[NUM_INTS];
    srand(time(NULL));

    // place random numbers into the array
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        arry[x] = rand() % 100 + 1;
    }

    cout << "Original array values" << endl;
    // output the original array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    // creates a line seperator 
    cout << "\n--------------------------------------------------------\n";

    BubbleSort(arry, NUM_INTS);

    cout << "The current sorted array" << endl;
    // output the current sorted array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    cout << endl;

    cin.get();
    return 0;
}// end of main

void BubbleSort(int arry[], int arraySize)
{
    bool sorted = false;

    do {
        sorted = true;
        for (int x = 0; x < arraySize - 1; ++x)
        {
            if (arry[x] > arry[x + 1])
            {
                int temp = arry[x];
                arry[x] = arry[x + 1];
                arry[x + 1] = temp;
                sorted = false;
            }
        }// end of for loop
        --arraySize;
    } while (!sorted);
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Feb 11, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  bubbleSort.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates how to sort an array using bubble sort
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
 
// const int
const int NUM_INTS = 12;
 
// function prototype
void BubbleSort(int arry[], int arraySize);
 
int main()
{
    // variable declarations
    int arry[NUM_INTS];
    srand(time(NULL));
 
    // place random numbers into the array
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        arry[x] = rand() % 100 + 1;
    }
 
    cout << "Original array values" << endl;
    // output the original array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    // creates a line seperator 
    cout << "\n--------------------------------------------------------\n";
 
    BubbleSort(arry, NUM_INTS);
 
    cout << "The current sorted array" << endl;
    // output the current sorted array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    cout << endl;
 
    cin.get();
    return 0;
}// end of main
 
void BubbleSort(int arry[], int arraySize)
{
    bool sorted = false;
 
    do {
        sorted = true;
        for (int x = 0; x < arraySize - 1; ++x)
        {
            if (arry[x] > arry[x + 1])
            {
                int temp = arry[x];
                arry[x] = arry[x + 1];
                arry[x + 1] = temp;
                sorted = false;
            }
        }// end of for loop
        --arraySize;
    } while (!sorted);
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

Original array values 91 65 53 93 54 41 69 76 55 90 10 62 -------------------------------------------------------- The current sorted array 10 41 53 54 55 62 65 69 76 90 91 93

====== SELECTION SORT ======





		
		
			#2 - Selection Sort
			
C++
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Feb 11, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  selectionSort.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates how to sort an array using selection sort
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

// const int
const int NUM_INTS = 12;

// function prototype
void SelectionSort(int arry[], int arraySize);

int main()
{
    // variable declarations
    int arry[NUM_INTS];
    srand(time(NULL));

    // place random numbers into the array
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        arry[x] = rand() % 100 + 1;
    }

    cout << "Original array values" << endl;
    // output the original array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    // creates a line seperator 
    cout << "\n--------------------------------------------------------\n";

    SelectionSort(arry, NUM_INTS);

    cout << "The current sorted array" << endl;
    // output the current sorted array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    cout << endl;

    cin.get();
    return 0;
}// end of main

void SelectionSort(int arry[], int arraySize)
{
    for (int currentNumber = 0; currentNumber < arraySize; ++currentNumber)
    {
        int index_of_min = currentNumber;

        for (int previousNumber = currentNumber + 1; previousNumber < arraySize; ++previousNumber)
        {
            if (arry[index_of_min] > arry[previousNumber])
            {
                index_of_min = previousNumber;
            }
        }
        int temp = arry[currentNumber];
        arry[currentNumber] = arry[index_of_min];
        arry[index_of_min] = temp;
    }
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Feb 11, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  selectionSort.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates how to sort an array using selection sort
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
 
// const int
const int NUM_INTS = 12;
 
// function prototype
void SelectionSort(int arry[], int arraySize);
 
int main()
{
    // variable declarations
    int arry[NUM_INTS];
    srand(time(NULL));
 
    // place random numbers into the array
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        arry[x] = rand() % 100 + 1;
    }
 
    cout << "Original array values" << endl;
    // output the original array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    // creates a line seperator 
    cout << "\n--------------------------------------------------------\n";
 
    SelectionSort(arry, NUM_INTS);
 
    cout << "The current sorted array" << endl;
    // output the current sorted array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    cout << endl;
 
    cin.get();
    return 0;
}// end of main
 
void SelectionSort(int arry[], int arraySize)
{
    for (int currentNumber = 0; currentNumber < arraySize; ++currentNumber)
    {
        int index_of_min = currentNumber;
 
        for (int previousNumber = currentNumber + 1; previousNumber < arraySize; ++previousNumber)
        {
            if (arry[index_of_min] > arry[previousNumber])
            {
                index_of_min = previousNumber;
            }
        }
        int temp = arry[currentNumber];
        arry[currentNumber] = arry[index_of_min];
        arry[index_of_min] = temp;
    }
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

Original array values 87 74 58 64 4 43 23 16 3 93 9 80 -------------------------------------------------------- The current sorted array 3 4 9 16 23 43 58 64 74 80 87 93

====== INSERTION SORT ======





		
		
			#3 - Insertion Sort
			
C++
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Feb 11, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  insertionSort.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates how to sort an array using insertion sort
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

// const int
const int NUM_INTS = 12;

// function prototype
void InsertionSort(int arry[], int arraySize);

int main()
{
    // variable declarations
    int arry[NUM_INTS];
    srand(time(NULL));

    // place random numbers into the array
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        arry[x] = rand() % 100 + 1;
    }

    // output the original array values
    cout << "Original array values" << endl;
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    // creates a line seperator 
    cout << "\n--------------------------------------------------------\n";

    InsertionSort(arry, NUM_INTS);

    // display sorted values
    cout << "The current sorted array" << endl;

    // output the current sorted array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    cout << endl;

    cin.get();
    return 0;
}// end of main

void InsertionSort(int arry[], int arraySize)
{
    int previousIndex = 0;
    int currentValue = 0;

    // iterate through entire list
    for (int index = 1; index < arraySize; ++index)
    {
        currentValue = arry[index];
        previousIndex = index - 1;

        while (previousIndex >= 0 && arry[previousIndex] > currentValue)
        {
            arry[previousIndex + 1] = arry[previousIndex];
            previousIndex = previousIndex - 1;
        }// end while loop
        arry[previousIndex + 1] = currentValue;
    }// end for loop
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Feb 11, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  insertionSort.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates how to sort an array using insertion sort
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
 
// const int
const int NUM_INTS = 12;
 
// function prototype
void InsertionSort(int arry[], int arraySize);
 
int main()
{
    // variable declarations
    int arry[NUM_INTS];
    srand(time(NULL));
 
    // place random numbers into the array
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        arry[x] = rand() % 100 + 1;
    }
 
    // output the original array values
    cout << "Original array values" << endl;
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    // creates a line seperator 
    cout << "\n--------------------------------------------------------\n";
 
    InsertionSort(arry, NUM_INTS);
 
    // display sorted values
    cout << "The current sorted array" << endl;
 
    // output the current sorted array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    cout << endl;
 
    cin.get();
    return 0;
}// end of main
 
void InsertionSort(int arry[], int arraySize)
{
    int previousIndex = 0;
    int currentValue = 0;
 
    // iterate through entire list
    for (int index = 1; index < arraySize; ++index)
    {
        currentValue = arry[index];
        previousIndex = index - 1;
 
        while (previousIndex >= 0 && arry[previousIndex] > currentValue)
        {
            arry[previousIndex + 1] = arry[previousIndex];
            previousIndex = previousIndex - 1;
        }// end while loop
        arry[previousIndex + 1] = currentValue;
    }// end for loop
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

Original array values 97 80 94 74 10 38 87 7 87 14 3 97 -------------------------------------------------------- The current sorted array 3 7 10 14 38 74 80 87 87 94 97 97

====== QUICK SORT ======

Quicksort is one of the fastest sorting algorithms, and is often the best practical choice for sorting, as its average expected running time for large data sets is more efficient than the previously discussed methods.





		
		
			#4 - Quick Sort
			
C++
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Feb 11, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  quickSort.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates how to sort an array using quick sort
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

// const int
const int NUM_INTS = 12;

// function prototypes
void QuickSort(int arry[], int arraySize);
void QuickSort(int arry[], int start, int end);
int Partition(int arry[], int start, int end);

int main()
{
    // variable declarations
    int arry[NUM_INTS];
    srand(time(NULL));

    // place random numbers into the array
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        arry[x] = rand() % 100 + 1;
    }

    cout << "Original array values" << endl;
    // output the original array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    // creates a line seperator 
    cout << "\n--------------------------------------------------------\n";

    QuickSort(arry, NUM_INTS);

    cout << "The current sorted array" << endl;
    // output the current sorted array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    cout << endl;

    cin.get();
    return 0;
}// end of main

// the initial function call and initiates the sort
void QuickSort(int arry[], int arraySize) {
    QuickSort(arry, 0, arraySize - 1);
}// end of QuickSort

// recursive call that carries out the sort
void QuickSort(int arry[], int start, int end)
{
    if (start < end)
    {
        // partition the arry and get the new pivot position
        int newPiviotIndex = Partition(arry, start, end);
        // quick sort the first part
        QuickSort(arry, start, newPiviotIndex);
        // quick sort the second part
        QuickSort(arry, newPiviotIndex + 1, end);
    }
}// end of QuickSort

int Partition(int arry[], int start, int end)
{
    // choose a random pivot
    int pivotIndex = start + rand() % (end - start + 1);
    std::swap(arry[end], arry[pivotIndex]); // swap pivot with last element
    int left = start; // left index
    int right = end; // right index

    // compare and select smallest from the subarray
    for (int index = start; index <= right; ++index)
    {
        if (arry[index] < arry[right])
        {
            std::swap(arry[index], arry[left]);
            ++left;
        }
    }
    // move pivot to its final place
    std::swap(arry[right], arry[left]);

    return left; // return the position of the new pivot
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Feb 11, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  quickSort.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates how to sort an array using quick sort
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
 
// const int
const int NUM_INTS = 12;
 
// function prototypes
void QuickSort(int arry[], int arraySize);
void QuickSort(int arry[], int start, int end);
int Partition(int arry[], int start, int end);
 
int main()
{
    // variable declarations
    int arry[NUM_INTS];
    srand(time(NULL));
 
    // place random numbers into the array
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        arry[x] = rand() % 100 + 1;
    }
 
    cout << "Original array values" << endl;
    // output the original array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    // creates a line seperator 
    cout << "\n--------------------------------------------------------\n";
 
    QuickSort(arry, NUM_INTS);
 
    cout << "The current sorted array" << endl;
    // output the current sorted array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    cout << endl;
 
    cin.get();
    return 0;
}// end of main
 
// the initial function call and initiates the sort
void QuickSort(int arry[], int arraySize) {
    QuickSort(arry, 0, arraySize - 1);
}// end of QuickSort
 
// recursive call that carries out the sort
void QuickSort(int arry[], int start, int end)
{
    if (start < end)
    {
        // partition the arry and get the new pivot position
        int newPiviotIndex = Partition(arry, start, end);
        // quick sort the first part
        QuickSort(arry, start, newPiviotIndex);
        // quick sort the second part
        QuickSort(arry, newPiviotIndex + 1, end);
    }
}// end of QuickSort
 
int Partition(int arry[], int start, int end)
{
    // choose a random pivot
    int pivotIndex = start + rand() % (end - start + 1);
    std::swap(arry[end], arry[pivotIndex]); // swap pivot with last element
    int left = start; // left index
    int right = end; // right index
 
    // compare and select smallest from the subarray
    for (int index = start; index <= right; ++index)
    {
        if (arry[index] < arry[right])
        {
            std::swap(arry[index], arry[left]);
            ++left;
        }
    }
    // move pivot to its final place
    std::swap(arry[right], arry[left]);
 
    return left; // return the position of the new pivot
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

Original array values 50 94 1 16 51 63 41 17 70 28 6 34 -------------------------------------------------------- The current sorted array 1 6 16 17 28 34 41 50 51 63 70 94

====== MERGE SORT ======

Merge sort is a fast, stable sorting routine which, in the worst case, does about (on average) 39% fewer comparisons than quick sort.





		
		
			#5 - Merge Sort
			
C++
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Feb 11, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  mergeSort.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates how to sort an array using merge sort
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

// const int
const int NUM_INTS = 12;

// function prototypes
void MergeSort(int arry[], int arraySize);
void MergeSort(int arry[], int start, int end);
void Merge(int arry[], int start, int midPt, int end);

int main()
{
    // variable declarations
    int arry[NUM_INTS];
    srand(time(NULL));

    // place random numbers into the array
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        arry[x] = rand() % 100 + 1;
    }

    cout << "Original array values" << endl;
    // output the original array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    // creates a line seperator
    cout << "\n--------------------------------------------------------\n";

    MergeSort(arry, NUM_INTS);

    cout << "The current sorted array" << endl;
    // output the current sorted
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    cout << endl;

    cin.get();
    return 0;
}// end of main

// the initial function call and initiates the sort
void MergeSort(int arry[], int arraySize)
{
    MergeSort(arry, 0, arraySize - 1);
}// end of MergeSort

// recursive call that carries out the sort
void MergeSort(int arry[], int start, int end)
{  // no significant comparisons are done during splitting
    if (start < end)
    {
        int midPt = (start + end) / 2;
        MergeSort(arry, start, midPt);
        MergeSort(arry, midPt + 1, end);
        Merge(arry, start, midPt, end);
    }
}// end of MergeSort

// sorts the sub array
void Merge(int arry[], int start, int midPt, int end)
{
    int leftFirst = start;
    int leftLast = midPt;
    int rightFirst = midPt + 1;
    int rightLast = end;
    int* tempArray = new int[rightLast + 1];
    int index = leftFirst;
    int saveFirst = leftFirst;

    while ((leftFirst <= leftLast) && (rightFirst <= rightLast))
    {// compare and select smallest from two subarrays
        if (arry[leftFirst] < arry[rightFirst])
        {
            tempArray[index] = arry[leftFirst]; // smallest assigned to temp
            ++leftFirst;
        }
        else
        {
            tempArray[index] = arry[rightFirst];
            ++rightFirst;
        }
        ++index;
    }

    while (leftFirst <= leftLast)
    {
        tempArray[index] = arry[leftFirst];
        ++leftFirst;
        ++index;
    }
    while (rightFirst <= rightLast)
    {
        tempArray[index] = arry[rightFirst];
        ++rightFirst;
        ++index;
    }
    for (index = saveFirst; index <= rightLast; ++index)
    {// copies from temp array to the initial array
        arry[index] = tempArray[index];
    }

    delete[] tempArray;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Feb 11, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  mergeSort.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates how to sort an array using merge sort
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
 
// const int
const int NUM_INTS = 12;
 
// function prototypes
void MergeSort(int arry[], int arraySize);
void MergeSort(int arry[], int start, int end);
void Merge(int arry[], int start, int midPt, int end);
 
int main()
{
    // variable declarations
    int arry[NUM_INTS];
    srand(time(NULL));
 
    // place random numbers into the array
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        arry[x] = rand() % 100 + 1;
    }
 
    cout << "Original array values" << endl;
    // output the original array values
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    // creates a line seperator
    cout << "\n--------------------------------------------------------\n";
 
    MergeSort(arry, NUM_INTS);
 
    cout << "The current sorted array" << endl;
    // output the current sorted
    for (int x = 0; x < NUM_INTS; ++x)
    {
        cout << setw(4) << arry[x];
    }
    cout << endl;
 
    cin.get();
    return 0;
}// end of main
 
// the initial function call and initiates the sort
void MergeSort(int arry[], int arraySize)
{
    MergeSort(arry, 0, arraySize - 1);
}// end of MergeSort
 
// recursive call that carries out the sort
void MergeSort(int arry[], int start, int end)
{  // no significant comparisons are done during splitting
    if (start < end)
    {
        int midPt = (start + end) / 2;
        MergeSort(arry, start, midPt);
        MergeSort(arry, midPt + 1, end);
        Merge(arry, start, midPt, end);
    }
}// end of MergeSort
 
// sorts the sub array
void Merge(int arry[], int start, int midPt, int end)
{
    int leftFirst = start;
    int leftLast = midPt;
    int rightFirst = midPt + 1;
    int rightLast = end;
    int* tempArray = new int[rightLast + 1];
    int index = leftFirst;
    int saveFirst = leftFirst;
 
    while ((leftFirst <= leftLast) && (rightFirst <= rightLast))
    {// compare and select smallest from two subarrays
        if (arry[leftFirst] < arry[rightFirst])
        {
            tempArray[index] = arry[leftFirst]; // smallest assigned to temp
            ++leftFirst;
        }
        else
        {
            tempArray[index] = arry[rightFirst];
            ++rightFirst;
        }
        ++index;
    }
 
    while (leftFirst <= leftLast)
    {
        tempArray[index] = arry[leftFirst];
        ++leftFirst;
        ++index;
    }
    while (rightFirst <= rightLast)
    {
        tempArray[index] = arry[rightFirst];
        ++rightFirst;
        ++index;
    }
    for (index = saveFirst; index <= rightLast; ++index)
    {// copies from temp array to the initial array
        arry[index] = tempArray[index];
    }
 
    delete[] tempArray;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

SAMPLE OUTPUT:

Original array values 18 46 41 30 84 97 54 49 19 32 70 30 -------------------------------------------------------- The current sorted array 18 19 30 30 32 41 46 49 54 70 84 97

C++ || Dynamic Arrays – Create A Music Store Database Which Sorts CD Information & Display Grand Total

February 09, 2012 admin No comments

This program was presented as a homework assignment in a programming class to demonstrate the use of dynamic arrays, and pointer variables. The pointer variables which are displayed in this program are very excessive; and many are not needed, but it was good practice when trying to understand the logic behind it all.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Pointer Variables Dynamic Arrays 2-D Dynamic Arrays - How To Declare Bubble Sort While Loops For Loops Constant Variables Functions Switch Statements Toupper Strcpy Strcmp

This is an interactive program, which simulates a database for a music store, in which the user inputs data into the program (artist, CD title, genre, sales price, tax) and stores that information into multiple dynamic arrays (2-D and/or one dimensional dynamic arrays). The program will also apply any discounts that may currently be available for the selected CD genre, and applies that discount to the current CD information. When the user chooses to quit, the program will sort any data which is currently stored inside the array (by artist) in ascending order, and output the subtotal, tax applied, and grand total for all of the CD information which is entered into the array to the user.

After the program is complete, it will display a summary of the data which was stored into the array like so:

                                My Programming Notes Record Company
                                    Sales Report for 2/9/2012

Artist        Title   SalesPrice        Genre        DiscountRate     SubTotal      SalesTax   GrandTotal
Name1            CD1        12.99        Jazz         18.00%          10.65            1.26      11.91
Name2            CD2        12.99        Rap           7.00%          12.08            1.26      13.34

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (2 transactions)                                                  22.73           2.52    25.25

My Programming Notes Record Company

Sales Report for 2/9/2012

Artist Title SalesPrice Genre DiscountRate SubTotal SalesTax GrandTotal

Name1 CD1 12.99 Jazz 18.00% 10.65 1.26 11.91

Name2 CD2 12.99 Rap 7.00% 12.08 1.26 13.34

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total (2 transactions) 22.73 2.52 25.25

NOTE: On some compilers, you may have to add #include < cstdlib> and #include < cstring> in order for the code to compile.





		
		
			Music Store Database
			
C++
			
			// =============================================================================
// This is an interactive program, which simulates a database for a music store 
// in which the user inputs data into the program (atrist, CD title, genre, 
// sales price, tax) and stores the data into a dynamic array. The program will 
// also apply any discounts that may currently be available to the selected CD 
// genre, and applies that   discount to the current CD. When the user choses 
// to quit, the program will  sort any data that is stored inside the array 
// (by artist) in ascending order and it will output the subtotal, tax applied, 
// and grand total for all of the CD information which is entered into the array
// =============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;

// function prototypes
double* GetDiscounts();
void DisplayMenu();
void GetCDInfo(char** &artist, char** &CDTitle, char** &genre,double* &salesPrice, double* &taxRate, int* numItems);
void GetDiscountRate(double* salesPrice,char** musicGenre, char** genre,int* numItems, double* &discountPercent,double* discountRate);
void GetSubTotal(double* salesPrice, double* discountRate, int* numItems,double* subTotal);
void GetTaxAmount(double* salesPrice, double* taxRate, int*numItems,double* salesTax);
void GetGrandTotal(double* subTotal,double* salesTax,int* numItems,double* grandTotal);
void SortData(char**artist, char**CDTitle, double*salesPrice, char**genre,double*discountPercent, double*subTotal, double*salesTax,  double*grandTotal, int* numItems);
void DisplayData(char**artist, char**CDTitle, double*salesPrice, char**genre,double*discountPercent, double*subTotal, double*salesTax, double*grandTotal, int* numItems);

// constant discount values 
// these values are defines within the
// 'GetDiscounts' function
const double* discounts = GetDiscounts();

// =============================================================================
// main
// =============================================================================
int main()
{
	//-- Declare Variables START ---//
	// numItems for artist array
	int* numItems = new int(0);

	// 2-D Dynamic array for music genres
	char** musicGenre = new char*[7];
	for(int index=0; index < 7; ++index)
	{musicGenre[index] = new char[13];}
	musicGenre[0]= "Classical";
	musicGenre[1]= "Country";
	musicGenre[2]= "International";
	musicGenre[3]= "Jazz";
	musicGenre[4]= "Pop";
	musicGenre[5]= "Rock";
	musicGenre[6]= "Rap";

	// 2-D Dynamic Array for artist name
	char** artist = new char*[50];
	for(int index=0; index < 50; ++index)
	{artist[index] = new char[20];}

	// 2-D Dynamic array for CD titles
	char** CDTitle = new char*[50];
	for(int index=0; index < 50; ++index)
	{CDTitle[index] = new char[20];}

	// 2-D Dynamic array of music genre
	char** genre = new char*[50];
	for(int index=0; index < 50; ++index)
	{genre[index] = new char[20];}

	// array for list price
	double* salesPrice = new double[20];

	// array for tax rate
	double* taxRate = new double[20];

	// array for discount amount
	double* discountRate= new double[20];

	// array for sales price
	double* subTotal = new double[20];

	// array for taxamount
	double* salesTax= new double[20];

	// array for grandTotal
	double* grandTotal = new double[20];

	// array for discount percent
	double* discountPercent = new double[20];

	// variable for the while loop menu 
	char* userInput = new char('n');

	// variable if the user wants to enter more data
	char* enterMoreData = new char('y');

	//-- Declare Variables END ---//

	// display menu
	DisplayMenu();
	cin >> userInput;

	// loop thru menu options
	while((toupper(*userInput) !='Q'))
	{
		switch(toupper(*userInput))
		{
		case 'E':
			// get artist info
			GetCDInfo(artist, CDTitle, genre, salesPrice, taxRate, numItems);
			// get discount
			GetDiscountRate(salesPrice, musicGenre, genre, numItems,discountPercent, discountRate);
			// get sub total
			GetSubTotal(salesPrice, discountRate, numItems,subTotal);
			// get tax amount
			GetTaxAmount(salesPrice, taxRate, numItems,salesTax);
			// get cash price
			GetGrandTotal(subTotal, salesTax, numItems,grandTotal);
			// ask if they want to enter more data
			cout << "nDo you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): ";
			cin >> *enterMoreData;
			if(toupper(*enterMoreData)=='Y')
			{
				(++*numItems);
			}
			else
			{
				(++*numItems);
				*userInput='q';
			}
			break;
		case 'D':
			DisplayData(artist, CDTitle, salesPrice, genre, discountPercent,subTotal,salesTax, grandTotal, numItems);
			break;
		default:
			cout<<"nYou have selected an invalid command";
			break;
		}
		//creates a line separator
		cout<<endl;
		cout<<setfill('-');
		cout<<left<<setw(30)<<""<<right<<setw(30)<<""<<endl; 

		// if user wants to enter more data, display menu to screen
		if(toupper(*enterMoreData)=='Y')
		{
			DisplayMenu();
			cin >> userInput;
		}
	}// end of while loop
	// sort the current data inside the array
	SortData(artist, CDTitle, salesPrice, genre, discountPercent,subTotal,salesTax, grandTotal, numItems);

	// display the current data inside the array
	DisplayData(artist, CDTitle, salesPrice, genre, discountPercent,subTotal,salesTax, grandTotal, numItems);

	return 0;
}// End of Main

// =============================================================================
// DisplayMenu
// displays the menu to the user
// =============================================================================
void DisplayMenu()
{
	cout<<"Welcome to the CD Management System!";
	cout<<"nFrom the following menu, select an option";
	cout<<"nnE - Enter new CD information into the database";
	cout<<"nD - Display the current information in the database";
	cout<<"nQ - Quit";
	cout<<"nn>> ";
}// End of DisplayMenu

// =============================================================================
// DisplayData
// displays the current contents in the array. If there is nothing in the array
// the program promts a message to the user
// =============================================================================
void DisplayData(char**artist, char**CDTitle, double*salesPrice, char**genre,
			  double*discountPercent, double*subTotal, double*salesTax, 
			  double*grandTotal, int* numItems)
{
	double* totSalePrice = new double(0);
	double* totSalesTax = new double(0);
	double* totgrandTotal = new double(0);

	// variables which will get the current date
    time_t t = time(0);   // get current CPU time 
    struct tm * now = localtime(& t);

	// if array is empty, display message
	if(*numItems ==0)
	{
		cout<<"nThe database is currently empty!n";
	}
	else
	{
		// displays the company header to the user
		cout<<setfill(' ');
		cout << "nttttMy Programming Notes Record Company"
			<< "ntttt    Sales Report for "<<now->tm_mon + 1<<"/"<<now->tm_mday<<"/"<<now->tm_year + 1900<<"nn";

		// displays the categories which will be shown to the user
		cout <<setw(1)<<right<<"Artist"<<setw(13)<<"Title"<<setw(13)<<"SalesPrice"
			<<setw(13)<<"Genre"<<setw(20)<<"DiscountRate"<<setw(13)<<"SubTotal"
			<<setw(13)<<"SalesTax"<<setw(13)<<"GrandTotal";
	
		// displays the data which is currently inside the array's
		cout<<fixed<<setprecision(2);
		for(int* index = new int(0); *index < *numItems; ++*index)
		{
			cout << endl;
			cout <<setw(1)<<right<<artist[*index]<<setw(15)<<CDTitle[*index]
			<<setw(13)<<salesPrice[*index]<<setw(15)<<genre[*index]<<setw(13)
				<<discountPercent[*index]*100<<"%"<<setw(15)<<subTotal[*index]<<setw(16)
				<<salesTax[*index]<<setw(13)<<grandTotal[*index];
		}

		// finds the total prices for the entire list of CD's
		for(int* index = new int(0); *index < *numItems; ++*index)
		{
			*totSalePrice+= subTotal[*index];
			*totSalesTax+= salesTax[*index];
			*totgrandTotal+= grandTotal[*index];
		}

		// creates a line separator
		cout<<setfill('-');
		cout<<endl<<endl<<left<<setw(52)<<""<<right<<setw(52)<<""<<endl;

		// displays the total to the user
		cout<< "Total ("<<*numItems<<" transactions)ttttttt"
			<<*totSalePrice<<"tt"<<*totSalesTax<<"t"<<*totgrandTotal<<endl;
	}
}// End of DisplayData

// =============================================================================
// SortData
// sorts all the data which is currently present in the arrays via bubble sort
// this function does not display any data to the user
// =============================================================================
void SortData(char**artist, char**CDTitle, double*salesPrice, char**genre,double*discountPercent, double*subTotal, double*salesTax, 
			  double*grandTotal, int* numItems)
{
	// bool which will tell us if sorting is complete
	bool sorted = false;

	// temporary variables for sorting purposes only
	char* tempArtist = new char[20];
	char* tempCDTitle= new char[20];
	char* tempGenre= new char[20];
	double* tempListPrice= new double[20];
	double* tempDiscountPercent = new double[20];
	double* tempsubTotal = new double[20];
	double* tempTaxAmt = new double[20];
	double* tempgrandTotal = new double[20];
	
	// this is the bubble sort
	// which sorts the entries by artist in ascending order
	while (sorted==false)
	{
		sorted=true;
		for(int* index= new int(0); *index < *numItems-1; ++*index)
		{
			// checks the artist to see if they are in the correct order
			if (strcmp(artist[*index],artist[*index+1]) > 0)
			{
				// swaps artist places
				strcpy(tempArtist, artist[*index]);
				strcpy(artist[*index], artist[*index+1]);
				strcpy(artist[*index+1], tempArtist);

				// swaps CD title 
				strcpy(tempCDTitle, CDTitle[*index]);
				strcpy(CDTitle[*index], CDTitle[*index+1]);
				strcpy(CDTitle[*index+1], tempCDTitle);
				
				// swaps music genre
				strcpy(tempGenre, genre[*index]);
				strcpy(genre[*index], genre[*index+1]);
				strcpy(genre[*index+1], tempGenre);
				
				// swaps the CD price
				*tempgrandTotal = grandTotal[*index];
				grandTotal[*index] = grandTotal[*index+1];
				grandTotal[*index+1] = *tempgrandTotal;
				
				// swaps the tax amount
				*tempTaxAmt = salesTax[*index];
				salesTax[*index] = salesTax[*index+1];
				salesTax[*index+1] = *tempTaxAmt;
				
				// swaps the sales price
				*tempsubTotal = subTotal[*index];
				subTotal[*index] = subTotal[*index+1];
				subTotal[*index+1] = *tempsubTotal;
				
				// swaps the discount percent
				*tempDiscountPercent = discountPercent[*index];
				discountPercent[*index] = discountPercent[*index+1];
				discountPercent[*index+1] = *tempDiscountPercent;
				
				// swaps the list price
				*tempListPrice = salesPrice[*index];
				salesPrice[*index] = salesPrice[*index+1];
				salesPrice[*index+1] = *tempListPrice;

				// sets the 'sorted' variable to false
				sorted=false;
			}// end of if statement
		}// end for loop
	}// end while loop
}// End of SortData

// =============================================================================
// GetGrandTotal
// calculates the grand total for the current transaction
// =============================================================================
void GetGrandTotal(double* subTotal,double* salesTax,int* numItems,double* grandTotal)
{
	grandTotal[*numItems]= (subTotal[*numItems])+(salesTax[*numItems]);

}// End of GetgrandTotal

// =============================================================================
// GetTaxAmount
// calculates the sales tax for the current transaction
// =============================================================================
void GetTaxAmount(double* salesPrice, double* taxRate, int*numItems,double* salesTax)
{
	salesTax[*numItems] = (salesPrice[*numItems])* (taxRate[*numItems]);
}// End of GetTaxAmount

// =============================================================================
// GetSubTotal
// gets the subtotal for the current transaction
// =============================================================================
void GetSubTotal(double* salesPrice, double* discountRate, int* numItems,double* subTotal)
{
	subTotal[*numItems] = (salesPrice[*numItems]) - (discountRate[*numItems]);
}// End of GetsubTotal

// =============================================================================
// GetDiscountRate
// gets the discount rate for the currently selected CD
// =============================================================================
void GetDiscountRate(double* salesPrice,char** musicGenre, char** genre,int* numItems, double* &discountPercent, double* discountRate)
{
	// comapres the user inputted current genre to the pre-defined
	// genres as defined in the main function, then assigns a 
	// discount to the current CD
	if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[0]) == 0) // if music genre is Classical
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[0];}
	else if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[1]) == 0) // if music genre is Country
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[1];}
	else if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[2]) == 0) // if music genre is International
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[2];}
	else if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[3]) == 0) // if music genre is Jazz
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[3];}
	else if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[4]) == 0) // if music genre is Pop
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[4];}
	else if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[5]) == 0) // if music genre is Rock
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[5];}
	else if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[6]) == 0) // if music genre is Rap
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[6];}
	else{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[4];} // if music genre is not any of these ^, then there is no discount
	
	// assign the discount rate to the current CD
	discountRate[*numItems] = (discountPercent[*numItems]) * (salesPrice[*numItems]);
}// End of GetDiscountRate

// =============================================================================
// GetCDInfo
// obtains the CD information from the user
// =============================================================================
void GetCDInfo(char** &artist, char** &CDTitle, char** &genre, 
			 double* &salesPrice, double* &taxRate, int* numItems)
{
	cin.ignore();
	cout << "nEnter the name of the artist: ";
	cin.getline(artist[*numItems],50, 'n');
	cout << "nEnter the title of the CD: ";
	cin.getline(CDTitle[*numItems],50, 'n');
	cout << "nEnter the genre: ";
	cin.getline(genre[*numItems], 20);
	cout << "nEnter the sales price $";
	cin >> salesPrice[*numItems];
	cout << "nEnter the sales tax: ";
	cin >> taxRate[*numItems];
}// End of GetInfo

// =============================================================================
// GetDiscounts
// returns the discount rate for the selected genre
// =============================================================================
double* GetDiscounts()
{
	double* temp =  new double[7];
	temp[0] = .09; // discount rate for Classical
	temp[1] = .03; // discount rate for Country
	temp[2] = .11; // discount rate for International
	temp[3] = .18; // discount rate for Jazz
	temp[4] = .00; // discount rate for Pop
	temp[5] = .10; // discount rate for Rock
	temp[6] = .07; // discount rate for Rap
	return temp;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// =============================================================================
// This is an interactive program, which simulates a database for a music store 
// in which the user inputs data into the program (atrist, CD title, genre, 
// sales price, tax) and stores the data into a dynamic array. The program will 
// also apply any discounts that may currently be available to the selected CD 
// genre, and applies that   discount to the current CD. When the user choses 
// to quit, the program will  sort any data that is stored inside the array 
// (by artist) in ascending order and it will output the subtotal, tax applied, 
// and grand total for all of the CD information which is entered into the array
// =============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
#include <ctime>
using namespace std;
 
// function prototypes
double* GetDiscounts();
void DisplayMenu();
void GetCDInfo(char** &artist, char** &CDTitle, char** &genre,double* &salesPrice, double* &taxRate, int* numItems);
void GetDiscountRate(double* salesPrice,char** musicGenre, char** genre,int* numItems, double* &discountPercent,double* discountRate);
void GetSubTotal(double* salesPrice, double* discountRate, int* numItems,double* subTotal);
void GetTaxAmount(double* salesPrice, double* taxRate, int*numItems,double* salesTax);
void GetGrandTotal(double* subTotal,double* salesTax,int* numItems,double* grandTotal);
void SortData(char**artist, char**CDTitle, double*salesPrice, char**genre,double*discountPercent, double*subTotal, double*salesTax,  double*grandTotal, int* numItems);
void DisplayData(char**artist, char**CDTitle, double*salesPrice, char**genre,double*discountPercent, double*subTotal, double*salesTax, double*grandTotal, int* numItems);
 
// constant discount values 
// these values are defines within the
// 'GetDiscounts' function
const double* discounts = GetDiscounts();
 
// =============================================================================
// main
// =============================================================================
int main()
{
	//-- Declare Variables START ---//
	// numItems for artist array
	int* numItems = new int(0);
 
	// 2-D Dynamic array for music genres
	char** musicGenre = new char*[7];
	for(int index=0; index < 7; ++index)
	{musicGenre[index] = new char[13];}
	musicGenre[0]= "Classical";
	musicGenre[1]= "Country";
	musicGenre[2]= "International";
	musicGenre[3]= "Jazz";
	musicGenre[4]= "Pop";
	musicGenre[5]= "Rock";
	musicGenre[6]= "Rap";
 
	// 2-D Dynamic Array for artist name
	char** artist = new char*[50];
	for(int index=0; index < 50; ++index)
	{artist[index] = new char[20];}
 
	// 2-D Dynamic array for CD titles
	char** CDTitle = new char*[50];
	for(int index=0; index < 50; ++index)
	{CDTitle[index] = new char[20];}
 
	// 2-D Dynamic array of music genre
	char** genre = new char*[50];
	for(int index=0; index < 50; ++index)
	{genre[index] = new char[20];}
 
	// array for list price
	double* salesPrice = new double[20];
 
	// array for tax rate
	double* taxRate = new double[20];
 
	// array for discount amount
	double* discountRate= new double[20];
 
	// array for sales price
	double* subTotal = new double[20];
 
	// array for taxamount
	double* salesTax= new double[20];
 
	// array for grandTotal
	double* grandTotal = new double[20];
 
	// array for discount percent
	double* discountPercent = new double[20];
 
	// variable for the while loop menu 
	char* userInput = new char('n');
 
	// variable if the user wants to enter more data
	char* enterMoreData = new char('y');
 
	//-- Declare Variables END ---//
 
	// display menu
	DisplayMenu();
	cin >> userInput;
 
	// loop thru menu options
	while((toupper(*userInput) !='Q'))
	{
		switch(toupper(*userInput))
		{
		case 'E':
			// get artist info
			GetCDInfo(artist, CDTitle, genre, salesPrice, taxRate, numItems);
			// get discount
			GetDiscountRate(salesPrice, musicGenre, genre, numItems,discountPercent, discountRate);
			// get sub total
			GetSubTotal(salesPrice, discountRate, numItems,subTotal);
			// get tax amount
			GetTaxAmount(salesPrice, taxRate, numItems,salesTax);
			// get cash price
			GetGrandTotal(subTotal, salesTax, numItems,grandTotal);
			// ask if they want to enter more data
			cout << "nDo you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): ";
			cin >> *enterMoreData;
			if(toupper(*enterMoreData)=='Y')
			{
				(++*numItems);
			}
			else
			{
				(++*numItems);
				*userInput='q';
			}
			break;
		case 'D':
			DisplayData(artist, CDTitle, salesPrice, genre, discountPercent,subTotal,salesTax, grandTotal, numItems);
			break;
		default:
			cout<<"nYou have selected an invalid command";
			break;
		}
		//creates a line separator
		cout<<endl;
		cout<<setfill('-');
		cout<<left<<setw(30)<<""<<right<<setw(30)<<""<<endl; 
 
		// if user wants to enter more data, display menu to screen
		if(toupper(*enterMoreData)=='Y')
		{
			DisplayMenu();
			cin >> userInput;
		}
	}// end of while loop
	// sort the current data inside the array
	SortData(artist, CDTitle, salesPrice, genre, discountPercent,subTotal,salesTax, grandTotal, numItems);
 
	// display the current data inside the array
	DisplayData(artist, CDTitle, salesPrice, genre, discountPercent,subTotal,salesTax, grandTotal, numItems);
 
	return 0;
}// End of Main
 
// =============================================================================
// DisplayMenu
// displays the menu to the user
// =============================================================================
void DisplayMenu()
{
	cout<<"Welcome to the CD Management System!";
	cout<<"nFrom the following menu, select an option";
	cout<<"nnE - Enter new CD information into the database";
	cout<<"nD - Display the current information in the database";
	cout<<"nQ - Quit";
	cout<<"nn>> ";
}// End of DisplayMenu
 
// =============================================================================
// DisplayData
// displays the current contents in the array. If there is nothing in the array
// the program promts a message to the user
// =============================================================================
void DisplayData(char**artist, char**CDTitle, double*salesPrice, char**genre,
			  double*discountPercent, double*subTotal, double*salesTax, 
			  double*grandTotal, int* numItems)
{
	double* totSalePrice = new double(0);
	double* totSalesTax = new double(0);
	double* totgrandTotal = new double(0);
 
	// variables which will get the current date
    time_t t = time(0);   // get current CPU time 
    struct tm * now = localtime(& t);
 
	// if array is empty, display message
	if(*numItems ==0)
	{
		cout<<"nThe database is currently empty!n";
	}
	else
	{
		// displays the company header to the user
		cout<<setfill(' ');
		cout << "nttttMy Programming Notes Record Company"
			<< "ntttt    Sales Report for "<<now->tm_mon + 1<<"/"<<now->tm_mday<<"/"<<now->tm_year + 1900<<"nn";
 
		// displays the categories which will be shown to the user
		cout <<setw(1)<<right<<"Artist"<<setw(13)<<"Title"<<setw(13)<<"SalesPrice"
			<<setw(13)<<"Genre"<<setw(20)<<"DiscountRate"<<setw(13)<<"SubTotal"
			<<setw(13)<<"SalesTax"<<setw(13)<<"GrandTotal";
	
		// displays the data which is currently inside the array's
		cout<<fixed<<setprecision(2);
		for(int* index = new int(0); *index < *numItems; ++*index)
		{
			cout << endl;
			cout <<setw(1)<<right<<artist[*index]<<setw(15)<<CDTitle[*index]
			<<setw(13)<<salesPrice[*index]<<setw(15)<<genre[*index]<<setw(13)
				<<discountPercent[*index]*100<<"%"<<setw(15)<<subTotal[*index]<<setw(16)
				<<salesTax[*index]<<setw(13)<<grandTotal[*index];
		}
 
		// finds the total prices for the entire list of CD's
		for(int* index = new int(0); *index < *numItems; ++*index)
		{
			*totSalePrice+= subTotal[*index];
			*totSalesTax+= salesTax[*index];
			*totgrandTotal+= grandTotal[*index];
		}
 
		// creates a line separator
		cout<<setfill('-');
		cout<<endl<<endl<<left<<setw(52)<<""<<right<<setw(52)<<""<<endl;
 
		// displays the total to the user
		cout<< "Total ("<<*numItems<<" transactions)ttttttt"
			<<*totSalePrice<<"tt"<<*totSalesTax<<"t"<<*totgrandTotal<<endl;
	}
}// End of DisplayData
 
// =============================================================================
// SortData
// sorts all the data which is currently present in the arrays via bubble sort
// this function does not display any data to the user
// =============================================================================
void SortData(char**artist, char**CDTitle, double*salesPrice, char**genre,double*discountPercent, double*subTotal, double*salesTax, 
			  double*grandTotal, int* numItems)
{
	// bool which will tell us if sorting is complete
	bool sorted = false;
 
	// temporary variables for sorting purposes only
	char* tempArtist = new char[20];
	char* tempCDTitle= new char[20];
	char* tempGenre= new char[20];
	double* tempListPrice= new double[20];
	double* tempDiscountPercent = new double[20];
	double* tempsubTotal = new double[20];
	double* tempTaxAmt = new double[20];
	double* tempgrandTotal = new double[20];
	
	// this is the bubble sort
	// which sorts the entries by artist in ascending order
	while (sorted==false)
	{
		sorted=true;
		for(int* index= new int(0); *index < *numItems-1; ++*index)
		{
			// checks the artist to see if they are in the correct order
			if (strcmp(artist[*index],artist[*index+1]) > 0)
			{
				// swaps artist places
				strcpy(tempArtist, artist[*index]);
				strcpy(artist[*index], artist[*index+1]);
				strcpy(artist[*index+1], tempArtist);
 
				// swaps CD title 
				strcpy(tempCDTitle, CDTitle[*index]);
				strcpy(CDTitle[*index], CDTitle[*index+1]);
				strcpy(CDTitle[*index+1], tempCDTitle);
				
				// swaps music genre
				strcpy(tempGenre, genre[*index]);
				strcpy(genre[*index], genre[*index+1]);
				strcpy(genre[*index+1], tempGenre);
				
				// swaps the CD price
				*tempgrandTotal = grandTotal[*index];
				grandTotal[*index] = grandTotal[*index+1];
				grandTotal[*index+1] = *tempgrandTotal;
				
				// swaps the tax amount
				*tempTaxAmt = salesTax[*index];
				salesTax[*index] = salesTax[*index+1];
				salesTax[*index+1] = *tempTaxAmt;
				
				// swaps the sales price
				*tempsubTotal = subTotal[*index];
				subTotal[*index] = subTotal[*index+1];
				subTotal[*index+1] = *tempsubTotal;
				
				// swaps the discount percent
				*tempDiscountPercent = discountPercent[*index];
				discountPercent[*index] = discountPercent[*index+1];
				discountPercent[*index+1] = *tempDiscountPercent;
				
				// swaps the list price
				*tempListPrice = salesPrice[*index];
				salesPrice[*index] = salesPrice[*index+1];
				salesPrice[*index+1] = *tempListPrice;
 
				// sets the 'sorted' variable to false
				sorted=false;
			}// end of if statement
		}// end for loop
	}// end while loop
}// End of SortData
 
// =============================================================================
// GetGrandTotal
// calculates the grand total for the current transaction
// =============================================================================
void GetGrandTotal(double* subTotal,double* salesTax,int* numItems,double* grandTotal)
{
	grandTotal[*numItems]= (subTotal[*numItems])+(salesTax[*numItems]);
 
}// End of GetgrandTotal
 
// =============================================================================
// GetTaxAmount
// calculates the sales tax for the current transaction
// =============================================================================
void GetTaxAmount(double* salesPrice, double* taxRate, int*numItems,double* salesTax)
{
	salesTax[*numItems] = (salesPrice[*numItems])* (taxRate[*numItems]);
}// End of GetTaxAmount
 
// =============================================================================
// GetSubTotal
// gets the subtotal for the current transaction
// =============================================================================
void GetSubTotal(double* salesPrice, double* discountRate, int* numItems,double* subTotal)
{
	subTotal[*numItems] = (salesPrice[*numItems]) - (discountRate[*numItems]);
}// End of GetsubTotal
 
// =============================================================================
// GetDiscountRate
// gets the discount rate for the currently selected CD
// =============================================================================
void GetDiscountRate(double* salesPrice,char** musicGenre, char** genre,int* numItems, double* &discountPercent, double* discountRate)
{
	// comapres the user inputted current genre to the pre-defined
	// genres as defined in the main function, then assigns a 
	// discount to the current CD
	if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[0]) == 0) // if music genre is Classical
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[0];}
	else if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[1]) == 0) // if music genre is Country
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[1];}
	else if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[2]) == 0) // if music genre is International
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[2];}
	else if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[3]) == 0) // if music genre is Jazz
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[3];}
	else if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[4]) == 0) // if music genre is Pop
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[4];}
	else if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[5]) == 0) // if music genre is Rock
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[5];}
	else if(strcmp(genre[*numItems],musicGenre[6]) == 0) // if music genre is Rap
	{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[6];}
	else{discountPercent[*numItems] = discounts[4];} // if music genre is not any of these ^, then there is no discount
	
	// assign the discount rate to the current CD
	discountRate[*numItems] = (discountPercent[*numItems]) * (salesPrice[*numItems]);
}// End of GetDiscountRate
 
// =============================================================================
// GetCDInfo
// obtains the CD information from the user
// =============================================================================
void GetCDInfo(char** &artist, char** &CDTitle, char** &genre, 
			 double* &salesPrice, double* &taxRate, int* numItems)
{
	cin.ignore();
	cout << "nEnter the name of the artist: ";
	cin.getline(artist[*numItems],50, 'n');
	cout << "nEnter the title of the CD: ";
	cin.getline(CDTitle[*numItems],50, 'n');
	cout << "nEnter the genre: ";
	cin.getline(genre[*numItems], 20);
	cout << "nEnter the sales price $";
	cin >> salesPrice[*numItems];
	cout << "nEnter the sales tax: ";
	cin >> taxRate[*numItems];
}// End of GetInfo
 
// =============================================================================
// GetDiscounts
// returns the discount rate for the selected genre
// =============================================================================
double* GetDiscounts()
{
	double* temp =  new double[7];
	temp[0] = .09; // discount rate for Classical
	temp[1] = .03; // discount rate for Country
	temp[2] = .11; // discount rate for International
	temp[3] = .18; // discount rate for Jazz
	temp[4] = .00; // discount rate for Pop
	temp[5] = .10; // discount rate for Rock
	temp[6] = .07; // discount rate for Rap
	return temp;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

Welcome to the CD Management System! From the following menu, select an option
E - Enter new CD information into the database D - Display the current information in the database Q - Quit >> e Enter the name of the artist: Nm8 Enter the title of the CD: CD8 Enter the genre: Rock Enter the sales price $12.99 Enter the sales tax: .098 Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the CD Management System! From the following menu, select an option E - Enter new CD information into the database D - Display the current information in the database Q - Quit >> e Enter the name of the artist: Nm7 Enter the title of the CD: CD7 Enter the genre: Country Enter the sales price $10.99 Enter the sales tax: .078 Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the CD Management System! From the following menu, select an option E - Enter new CD information into the database D - Display the current information in the database Q - Quit >> e Enter the name of the artist: Nm6 Enter the title of the CD: CD6 Enter the genre: Pop Enter the sales price $11.50 Enter the sales tax: .067 Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the CD Management System! From the following menu, select an option E - Enter new CD information into the database D - Display the current information in the database Q - Quit >> e Enter the name of the artist: Nm5 Enter the title of the CD: CD5 Enter the genre: Jazz Enter the sales price $12.24 Enter the sales tax: .045 Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the CD Management System! From the following menu, select an option E - Enter new CD information into the database D - Display the current information in the database Q - Quit >> e Enter the name of the artist: Nm4 Enter the title of the CD: CD4 Enter the genre: Other Enter the sales price $12.99 Enter the sales tax: .094 Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the CD Management System! From the following menu, select an option E - Enter new CD information into the database D - Display the current information in the database Q - Quit >> e Enter the name of the artist: Nm3 Enter the title of the CD: CD3 Enter the genre: Classical Enter the sales price $11.45 Enter the sales tax: .078 Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the CD Management System! From the following menu, select an option E - Enter new CD information into the database D - Display the current information in the database Q - Quit >> e Enter the name of the artist: Nm2 Enter the title of the CD: CD2 Enter the genre: International Enter the sales price $10.99 Enter the sales tax: .093 Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): y ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the CD Management System! From the following menu, select an option E - Enter new CD information into the database D - Display the current information in the database Q - Quit >> e
Enter the name of the artist: Nm1 Enter the title of the CD: CD1 Enter the genre: Rap Enter the sales price $12.99 Enter the sales tax: .0975 Do you want to enter more CD's? (y/n): n

                                My Programming Notes Record Company
                                    Sales Report for 2/9/2012

Artist        Title   SalesPrice        Genre        DiscountRate     SubTotal      SalesTax   GrandTotal
Nm1            CD1        12.99            Rap         7.00%          12.08            1.27        13.35
Nm2            CD2        10.99  International        11.00%           9.78            1.02        10.80
Nm3            CD3        11.45      Classical         9.00%          10.42            0.89        11.31
Nm4            CD4        12.99          Other         0.00%          12.99            1.22        14.21
Nm5            CD5        12.24           Jazz        18.00%          10.04            0.55        10.59
Nm6            CD6        11.50            Pop         0.00%          11.50            0.77        12.27
Nm7            CD7        10.99        Country         3.00%          10.66            0.86        11.52
Nm8            CD8        12.99           Rock        10.00%          11.69            1.27        12.96

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total (8 transactions)                                                  89.16           7.85    97.01

My Programming Notes Record Company

Sales Report for 2/9/2012

Artist Title SalesPrice Genre DiscountRate SubTotal SalesTax GrandTotal

Nm1 CD1 12.99 Rap 7.00% 12.08 1.27 13.35

Nm2 CD2 10.99 International 11.00% 9.78 1.02 10.80

Nm3 CD3 11.45 Classical 9.00% 10.42 0.89 11.31

Nm4 CD4 12.99 Other 0.00% 12.99 1.22 14.21

Nm5 CD5 12.24 Jazz 18.00% 10.04 0.55 10.59

Nm6 CD6 11.50 Pop 0.00% 11.50 0.77 12.27

Nm7 CD7 10.99 Country 3.00% 10.66 0.86 11.52

Nm8 CD8 12.99 Rock 10.00% 11.69 1.27 12.96

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Total (8 transactions) 89.16 7.85 97.01

C++ || Modulus – Celsius To Fahrenheit Conversion Displaying Degrees Divisible By 10 Using Modulus

February 02, 2012 admin No comments

This page will consist of two simple programs which demonstrate the use of the modulus operator (%).

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Modulus Do/While Loop Functions Simple Math - Divisibility Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion

===== FINDING THE DIVISIBILITY OF A NUMBER =====

Take a simple arithmetic problem: what’s left over when you divide an odd number by an even number? The answer may not be easy to compute, but we know that it will most likely result in an answer which has a decimal remainder. How would we determine the divisibility of a number in a programming language like C++? That’s where the modulus operator comes in handy.

To have divisibility means that when you divide the first number by another number, the quotient (answer) is a whole number (i.e – no decimal values). Unlike the division operator, the modulus operator (‘%’), has the ability to give us the remainder of a given mathematical operation that results from performing integer division.

To illustrate this, here is a simple program which prompts the user to enter a number. Once the user enters a number, they are asked to enter in a divisor for the previous number. Using modulus, the program will determine if the second number is divisible by the first number. If the modulus result returns 0, the two numbers are divisible. If the modulus result does not return 0, the two numbers are not divisible. The program will keep re-prompting the user to enter in a correct choice until a correct result is obtained.





		
		
			Is It Divisible?
			
C++
			
			#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	// declare variables
	int base=0;
	int userInput=0;
	double multiple =0;

	// get first number
	cout <<"Please enter a value: ";
	cin >> base;

	// get second number
	cout << "nPlease enter a factor of "<<base<<": ";
	cin >> userInput;

	do{ // loop will keep going until the user enters a correct answer

		// this is the modulus declaration, which will find the 
		// remainder between the 2 numbers
		multiple = base % userInput;

		// if the modulus result returns 0, the 2 numbers
		// are divisible
		if (multiple == 0)
		{
			cout <<"nCorrect! " << base << " is divisible by " << userInput <<endl;
			cout <<"n("<< base << "/" << userInput <<") = "<<(base/userInput)<<endl;
		}

		// if the user entered an incorrect choice, promt an error message
		else
		{
			cout << "nIncorrect, " << base <<" is not divisible by "
				<< userInput <<".nPlease enter a new multiple integer for that value: ";
			cin >> userInput;
		}
	}while(multiple != 0);

	// ^ loop stops once user enters correct choice

	return 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
	// declare variables
	int base=0;
	int userInput=0;
	double multiple =0;
 
	// get first number
	cout <<"Please enter a value: ";
	cin >> base;
 
	// get second number
	cout << "nPlease enter a factor of "<<base<<": ";
	cin >> userInput;
 
	do{ // loop will keep going until the user enters a correct answer
 
		// this is the modulus declaration, which will find the 
		// remainder between the 2 numbers
		multiple = base % userInput;
 
		// if the modulus result returns 0, the 2 numbers
		// are divisible
		if (multiple == 0)
		{
			cout <<"nCorrect! " << base << " is divisible by " << userInput <<endl;
			cout <<"n("<< base << "/" << userInput <<") = "<<(base/userInput)<<endl;
		}
 
		// if the user entered an incorrect choice, promt an error message
		else
		{
			cout << "nIncorrect, " << base <<" is not divisible by "
				<< userInput <<".nPlease enter a new multiple integer for that value: ";
			cin >> userInput;
		}
	}while(multiple != 0);
 
	// ^ loop stops once user enters correct choice
 
	return 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

The above program determines if number ‘A’ is divisible be number ‘B’ via modulus. Unlike the division operator, which does not return the remainder of a number, the modulus operator does, thus we are able to find divisibility between two numbers.

To demonstrate the above code, here is a sample run:

Please enter a value: 21 Please enter a factor of 21: 5
Incorrect, 21 is not divisible by 5. Please enter a new multiple integer for that value: 7
Correct! 21 is divisible by 7 (21/7) = 3

===== CELSIUS TO FAHRENHEIT CONVERSION =====

Now that we understand how modulus works, the second program shouldn’t be too difficult. This function first prompts the user to enter in an initial (low) value. After the program obtains the low value from the user, the program will ask for another (high) value. After it obtains the needed information, it displays all the degrees, from the range of the low number to the high number, which are divisible by 10. So if the user enters a low value of 3 and a high value of 303, the program will display all of the Celsius to Fahrenheit degrees within that range which are divisible by 10.





		
		
			Celsius To Fahrenheit Conversion
			
C++
			
			#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// function prototype
double ConvertCelsiusToFahrenheit(int degree);

int main()
{
	// declare variables
	int low=0;
	int high=0;
	double degreeFahrenhiet =0;
	double multiple =0;

	// get data from user
	cout << "Enter a low number: ";
	cin >> low;

	cout << "nEnter a high number: ";
	cin >> high;
	
	// displays data back to user in table form
	cout <<"nCelsius Fahrenheit:n";
	cout << low << "t" << ConvertCelsiusToFahrenheit(low)<<endl;
	++low;

	// this loop displays all the degrees that are divisible by 10
	do{ 
		// this converts the current number from celsius to fahrenhiet
		degreeFahrenhiet = ConvertCelsiusToFahrenheit(low);

		// this is the modulus operation which finds the 
		// numbers which are divisible by 10
		multiple = low % 10;		

		// the program will only display the degrees to the user via
		// cout which are divisible by 10
		if(multiple ==0)
		{
			cout << low << "t" << degreeFahrenhiet<<endl;
		}
		
		// this increments the current degree number by 1
		++low;
	}while(low < high);
	// ^ loop stops once the 'low' variable reaches the 'high' variable

	// displays the 'high' converted degrees to the user
	cout << high << "t" << ConvertCelsiusToFahrenheit(high)<<endl;

	return 0;
}// end of main

// function declaration which returns the converted celsius to fahrenhiet value
double ConvertCelsiusToFahrenheit(int degree)
{
	return ((1.8 * degree) + 32.0);
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
// function prototype
double ConvertCelsiusToFahrenheit(int degree);
 
int main()
{
	// declare variables
	int low=0;
	int high=0;
	double degreeFahrenhiet =0;
	double multiple =0;
 
	// get data from user
	cout << "Enter a low number: ";
	cin >> low;
 
	cout << "nEnter a high number: ";
	cin >> high;
	
	// displays data back to user in table form
	cout <<"nCelsius Fahrenheit:n";
	cout << low << "t" << ConvertCelsiusToFahrenheit(low)<<endl;
	++low;
 
	// this loop displays all the degrees that are divisible by 10
	do{ 
		// this converts the current number from celsius to fahrenhiet
		degreeFahrenhiet = ConvertCelsiusToFahrenheit(low);
 
		// this is the modulus operation which finds the 
		// numbers which are divisible by 10
		multiple = low % 10;		
 
		// the program will only display the degrees to the user via
		// cout which are divisible by 10
		if(multiple ==0)
		{
			cout << low << "t" << degreeFahrenhiet<<endl;
		}
		
		// this increments the current degree number by 1
		++low;
	}while(low < high);
	// ^ loop stops once the 'low' variable reaches the 'high' variable
 
	// displays the 'high' converted degrees to the user
	cout << high << "t" << ConvertCelsiusToFahrenheit(high)<<endl;
 
	return 0;
}// end of main
 
// function declaration which returns the converted celsius to fahrenhiet value
double ConvertCelsiusToFahrenheit(int degree)
{
	return ((1.8 * degree) + 32.0);
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

Enter a low number: 3 Enter a high number: 303
Celsius Fahrenheit: 3..........37.4 10.........50 20.........68 30.........86 40........104 50........122 60........140 70........158 80........176 90........194 100.......212 110.......230 120.......248 130.......266 140.......284 150.......302 160.......320 170.......338 180.......356 190.......374 200.......392 210.......410 220.......428 230.......446 240.......464 250.......482 260.......500 270.......518 280.......536 290.......554 300.......572 303.......577.4

C++ || Input/Output – Using An Array, Sort Names From a Text File & Save The Sorted Names To A New Text File

February 01, 2012 admin No comments

Since we previously discussed how to sort numbers which is contained in an integer array, it is only fitting that we display a program which sorts characters that are stored in a character array.

This is an interactive program which first displays a menu to the user, allowing them to choose from 6 different modes of operation. The 6 options are described as followed:

R - Read in names from a file for sorting E - Enter in names manually for sorting D - Display the current names in the array S - Sort the current names in the array C - Clear the current names in the array Q - Quit

From the available choices, the user has the option of reading in names from a file, manually entering in names themselves, displaying the current names in the array, sorting the current names in the array, clearing the current names in the array, and finally quitting the program. When the user chooses to quit the program, whatever data which is currently stored within the array will automatically be saved to the output text file.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Fstream Ifstream Ofstream Character Arrays 2D Arrays Working With Files Pass By Reference While Loops For Loops Bubble Sort Functions Switch Statements Boolean Expressions Toupper Strcpy Strcmp

The data file that is used in this example can be downloaded here.

Note: In order to read in the data .txt file, you need to save the .txt file in the same directory (or folder) as your .cpp file is saved in. If you are using Visual C++, this directory will be located in

Documents > Visual Studio 2010 > Projects > [Your project name] > [Your project name]

NOTE: On some compilers, you may have to add #include < cstdlib> and #include < cstring> in order for the code to compile.





		
		
			Sorting Names Contained In A Char Array
			
C++
			
			#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

// const variable indicating how many names the array can hold
const int TOTALNAMES = 100;

// function prototypes
void DisplayMenu();
int ReadInData(char names[][50], ifstream &infile);
void GetUserData(char names[][50], int numberOfNames);
void ClearArray(char names[][50], int numberOfNames);
void SortArray(char names[][50], int numNames);
void DisplayArray(char names[][50], int numNames);
void SaveArrayToFile(char names[][50], int numberOfNames, ofstream &outfile);

int main()
{
	// declare variables
	ifstream infile;
	ofstream outfile;
     char names[TOTALNAMES][50];
	char userResponse = 'Q';
     int numberOfNames = 0;

	// display menu to user
	DisplayMenu();
	cin >> userResponse;

	// keep looping thru the menu until the user
	// selects Q (Quit)
	while(toupper(userResponse)!='Q')
	{
		// switch statement indicating the available choices
		// the user has to make
		switch(toupper(userResponse))
		{
		case 'R': 
			numberOfNames = ReadInData(names, infile);
			break;
		case 'E': 
			cout << "nPlease enter the number of names you want to sort: ";
			cin >> numberOfNames;
			GetUserData(names,numberOfNames);
			break;
		case 'D': 
			DisplayArray(names, numberOfNames);
			break;
		case 'C': 
			ClearArray(names,numberOfNames);
			numberOfNames=0;
			break;
		case 'S': 
			SortArray(names, numberOfNames);
			break;
		case 'Q':
			break;
		default: cout << "nThe selected option is not apart of the list!nPlease try again..";
			break;
		}
		// creates a line seperator after each task is executed
		cout<<endl;
		cout.fill('-');
          cout<<left<<setw(30)<<""<<right<<setw(30)<<""<<endl; 

		// re-display's the menu to the user
		DisplayMenu();
		cin >> userResponse;
	}

	// after the user is finished manipulating the 
	// data, save the names to the output file
	SaveArrayToFile(names, numberOfNames, outfile);

    return 0;
}// end of main

// ============================================================================

// displays options to user
void DisplayMenu()
{
	cout<<"   Welcome to the name sorting program...";
	cout<<"nFrom the following menu, select an option";
	cout<<"nR - Read in names from a file for sorting";
	cout<<"nE - Enter in names manually for sorting";
	cout<<"nD - Display the current names in the array";
	cout<<"nS - Sort the current names in the array";
	cout<<"nC - Clear the current names in the array";
	cout<<"nQ - Quitn";
     cout<<"n>> ";
}// end of DisplayMenu

// ============================================================================

// reads in data from a file
int ReadInData(char names[][50], ifstream &infile)
{
	int numberOfNames=0;
	
	// open input file
	infile.open("INPUT_UNSORTED_NAMES_programmingnotes_freeweq_com.txt");

	if(infile.fail())
	{
		cout<<"Input file could not be found!n"
			<<"Please place the input file in the correct directory..";
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "nReading in data from the file...";
		while(infile.good())
		{
			infile >> names[numberOfNames];
			++numberOfNames;
		}
		cout << "nSuccess!";
	}
	infile.close(); // close the infile once we are done using it
	return numberOfNames;
}// end of ReadInData

// ============================================================================

// gets data from user (names) for direct input
void GetUserData(char names[][50], int numberOfNames)
{
    cout << "nPlease enter "<<numberOfNames<<" names" << endl;

	for(int index=0; index < numberOfNames; ++index)
	{
		cout<<"nName #"<<index+1<<": ";
		cin >> names[index];
    }
}// end of GetUserData

// ============================================================================

// clears the data contained in the array
void ClearArray(char names[][50], int numNames)
{
	if(numNames==0)
	{
		cout<<"nThe array is currently empty!n";
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"nDeleting the data contained in the array...";
		for(int index=0; index < numNames; ++index)
		{
			strcpy(names[index],"");
		}
		cout << "nClearing Complete!";
	}
}// end of ClearArray

// ============================================================================

// sorts the array via 'bubble sort'
void SortArray(char names[][50],int numNames)
{
	bool sorted = false;
	char temp[50];
	
	if(numNames==0)
	{
		cout<<"nThe array is currently empty!n";
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "nSorting the names contained in the array...";
		// this is the 'bubble sort' and will execute only
		// if there is more than 1 name contained within the array
		// If there is only one name contained in the array, 
		// there is no need to sort anything
		while((sorted == false) && (numNames > 1))
		{
			sorted = true;
			for (int index=0; index < numNames-1; ++index)
			{
				if (strcmp(names[index], names[index+1]) > 0)
				{
					strcpy(temp,names[index]);
					strcpy(names[index], names[index+1]);
					strcpy(names[index+1], temp);
					sorted = false;
				}
			}
		}
		cout << "nSuccess!";
	}
}// end of SortArray

// ============================================================================

// saves the current data which is in the arrya to the output file
void SaveArrayToFile(char names[][50], int numberOfNames, ofstream &outfile)
{
	// open output file
	outfile.open("OUTPUT_SORTED_NAMES_programmingnotes_freeweq_com.txt");

	if(outfile.fail())
	{
		cout<<"Error creating output file!";
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		if(numberOfNames==0)
		{
			cout<<"nThe array contained no names.nThere was no data to save to the output file...n";
			outfile<<"The array contained no names.nThere was no data to save to the output file...n";
		}
		else
		{
			cout<<"nSaving the current contents of the array to the ouptut file..";
			outfile<<"Sorted items which were contained within the array..n";
			for(int index=0; index < numberOfNames; ++index)
			{
				outfile <<"Name #"<<index+1<<": "
					<< names[index]<<endl;
			}
			cout << "nSuccess!n";
		}
	}
	outfile.close();
}// end of SaveArrayToFile

// ============================================================================

// displays the current contents of the array to the user
// via cout
void DisplayArray(char names[][50], int numNames)
{
	if(numNames==0)
	{
		cout<<"nThe array is currently empty!n";
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "nThe values in the array are:n";
		for (int index=0; index < numNames; ++index)
		{
			cout << names[index] << endl;
		}
		cout<<"nThere is currently "<<numNames<<" names in the array!n";
	}
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
 
// const variable indicating how many names the array can hold
const int TOTALNAMES = 100;
 
// function prototypes
void DisplayMenu();
int ReadInData(char names[][50], ifstream &infile);
void GetUserData(char names[][50], int numberOfNames);
void ClearArray(char names[][50], int numberOfNames);
void SortArray(char names[][50], int numNames);
void DisplayArray(char names[][50], int numNames);
void SaveArrayToFile(char names[][50], int numberOfNames, ofstream &outfile);
 
int main()
{
	// declare variables
	ifstream infile;
	ofstream outfile;
     char names[TOTALNAMES][50];
	char userResponse = 'Q';
     int numberOfNames = 0;
 
	// display menu to user
	DisplayMenu();
	cin >> userResponse;
 
	// keep looping thru the menu until the user
	// selects Q (Quit)
	while(toupper(userResponse)!='Q')
	{
		// switch statement indicating the available choices
		// the user has to make
		switch(toupper(userResponse))
		{
		case 'R': 
			numberOfNames = ReadInData(names, infile);
			break;
		case 'E': 
			cout << "nPlease enter the number of names you want to sort: ";
			cin >> numberOfNames;
			GetUserData(names,numberOfNames);
			break;
		case 'D': 
			DisplayArray(names, numberOfNames);
			break;
		case 'C': 
			ClearArray(names,numberOfNames);
			numberOfNames=0;
			break;
		case 'S': 
			SortArray(names, numberOfNames);
			break;
		case 'Q':
			break;
		default: cout << "nThe selected option is not apart of the list!nPlease try again..";
			break;
		}
		// creates a line seperator after each task is executed
		cout<<endl;
		cout.fill('-');
          cout<<left<<setw(30)<<""<<right<<setw(30)<<""<<endl; 
 
		// re-display's the menu to the user
		DisplayMenu();
		cin >> userResponse;
	}
 
	// after the user is finished manipulating the 
	// data, save the names to the output file
	SaveArrayToFile(names, numberOfNames, outfile);
 
    return 0;
}// end of main
 
// ============================================================================
 
// displays options to user
void DisplayMenu()
{
	cout<<"   Welcome to the name sorting program...";
	cout<<"nFrom the following menu, select an option";
	cout<<"nR - Read in names from a file for sorting";
	cout<<"nE - Enter in names manually for sorting";
	cout<<"nD - Display the current names in the array";
	cout<<"nS - Sort the current names in the array";
	cout<<"nC - Clear the current names in the array";
	cout<<"nQ - Quitn";
     cout<<"n>> ";
}// end of DisplayMenu
 
// ============================================================================
 
// reads in data from a file
int ReadInData(char names[][50], ifstream &infile)
{
	int numberOfNames=0;
	
	// open input file
	infile.open("INPUT_UNSORTED_NAMES_programmingnotes_freeweq_com.txt");
 
	if(infile.fail())
	{
		cout<<"Input file could not be found!n"
			<<"Please place the input file in the correct directory..";
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "nReading in data from the file...";
		while(infile.good())
		{
			infile >> names[numberOfNames];
			++numberOfNames;
		}
		cout << "nSuccess!";
	}
	infile.close(); // close the infile once we are done using it
	return numberOfNames;
}// end of ReadInData
 
// ============================================================================
 
// gets data from user (names) for direct input
void GetUserData(char names[][50], int numberOfNames)
{
    cout << "nPlease enter "<<numberOfNames<<" names" << endl;
 
	for(int index=0; index < numberOfNames; ++index)
	{
		cout<<"nName #"<<index+1<<": ";
		cin >> names[index];
    }
}// end of GetUserData
 
// ============================================================================
 
// clears the data contained in the array
void ClearArray(char names[][50], int numNames)
{
	if(numNames==0)
	{
		cout<<"nThe array is currently empty!n";
	}
	else
	{
		cout<<"nDeleting the data contained in the array...";
		for(int index=0; index < numNames; ++index)
		{
			strcpy(names[index],"");
		}
		cout << "nClearing Complete!";
	}
}// end of ClearArray
 
// ============================================================================
 
// sorts the array via 'bubble sort'
void SortArray(char names[][50],int numNames)
{
	bool sorted = false;
	char temp[50];
	
	if(numNames==0)
	{
		cout<<"nThe array is currently empty!n";
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "nSorting the names contained in the array...";
		// this is the 'bubble sort' and will execute only
		// if there is more than 1 name contained within the array
		// If there is only one name contained in the array, 
		// there is no need to sort anything
		while((sorted == false) && (numNames > 1))
		{
			sorted = true;
			for (int index=0; index < numNames-1; ++index)
			{
				if (strcmp(names[index], names[index+1]) > 0)
				{
					strcpy(temp,names[index]);
					strcpy(names[index], names[index+1]);
					strcpy(names[index+1], temp);
					sorted = false;
				}
			}
		}
		cout << "nSuccess!";
	}
}// end of SortArray
 
// ============================================================================
 
// saves the current data which is in the arrya to the output file
void SaveArrayToFile(char names[][50], int numberOfNames, ofstream &outfile)
{
	// open output file
	outfile.open("OUTPUT_SORTED_NAMES_programmingnotes_freeweq_com.txt");
 
	if(outfile.fail())
	{
		cout<<"Error creating output file!";
		return;
	}
	else
	{
		if(numberOfNames==0)
		{
			cout<<"nThe array contained no names.nThere was no data to save to the output file...n";
			outfile<<"The array contained no names.nThere was no data to save to the output file...n";
		}
		else
		{
			cout<<"nSaving the current contents of the array to the ouptut file..";
			outfile<<"Sorted items which were contained within the array..n";
			for(int index=0; index < numberOfNames; ++index)
			{
				outfile <<"Name #"<<index+1<<": "
					<< names[index]<<endl;
			}
			cout << "nSuccess!n";
		}
	}
	outfile.close();
}// end of SaveArrayToFile
 
// ============================================================================
 
// displays the current contents of the array to the user
// via cout
void DisplayArray(char names[][50], int numNames)
{
	if(numNames==0)
	{
		cout<<"nThe array is currently empty!n";
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "nThe values in the array are:n";
		for (int index=0; index < numNames; ++index)
		{
			cout << names[index] << endl;
		}
		cout<<"nThere is currently "<<numNames<<" names in the array!n";
	}
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output
(Remember to include the input file)

Welcome to the name sorting program... From the following menu, select an option R - Read in names from a file for sorting E - Enter in names manually for sorting D - Display the current names in the array S - Sort the current names in the array C - Clear the current names in the array Q - Quit
>> d The array is currently empty! ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the name sorting program... From the following menu, select an option R - Read in names from a file for sorting E - Enter in names manually for sorting D - Display the current names in the array S - Sort the current names in the array C - Clear the current names in the array Q - Quit >> q The array contained no names. There was no data to save to the output file... ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the name sorting program... From the following menu, select an option R - Read in names from a file for sorting E - Enter in names manually for sorting D - Display the current names in the array S - Sort the current names in the array C - Clear the current names in the array Q - Quit >> e Please enter the number of names you want to sort: 3 Please enter 3 names Name #1: My Name #2: Programming Name #3: Notes ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the name sorting program... From the following menu, select an option R - Read in names from a file for sorting E - Enter in names manually for sorting D - Display the current names in the array S - Sort the current names in the array C - Clear the current names in the array Q - Quit >> d The values in the array are: My Programming Notes There is currently 3 names in the array! ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the name sorting program... From the following menu, select an option R - Read in names from a file for sorting E - Enter in names manually for sorting D - Display the current names in the array S - Sort the current names in the array C - Clear the current names in the array Q - Quit >> s Sorting the names contained in the array... Success! ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the name sorting program... From the following menu, select an option R - Read in names from a file for sorting E - Enter in names manually for sorting D - Display the current names in the array S - Sort the current names in the array C - Clear the current names in the array Q - Quit >> d The values in the array are: My Notes Programming There is currently 3 names in the array! ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the name sorting program... From the following menu, select an option R - Read in names from a file for sorting E - Enter in names manually for sorting D - Display the current names in the array S - Sort the current names in the array C - Clear the current names in the array Q - Quit >> c Deleting the data contained in the array... Clearing Complete! ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the name sorting program... From the following menu, select an option R - Read in names from a file for sorting E - Enter in names manually for sorting D - Display the current names in the array S - Sort the current names in the array C - Clear the current names in the array Q - Quit >> r Reading in data from the file... Success! ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the name sorting program... From the following menu, select an option R - Read in names from a file for sorting E - Enter in names manually for sorting D - Display the current names in the array S - Sort the current names in the array C - Clear the current names in the array Q - Quit >> d The values in the array are: My Programming Notes C++ Java Assembly Lemon Dark Light Black High Low Cellphone Cat Dog Penguin Japan Peace Love Color White One Brain Eggplant Phalanx Countenance Crayons Ben Dover Eileen Bob Downe Justin Elizebeth Rick Rolled Sam Widge Liza Destruction Grove Aardvark Primal Sushi Victoria Ostrich Zebra Scrumptious Carbohydrate Sulk Ecstatic Acrobat Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis English Kenneth Jessica Pills Pencil Dragon Mint Chocolate Temperature Cheese Rondo Silicon Scabbiest Palpitate Invariable Henpecked Titmouse Canoodle Boobies Pressure Density Cards Twiat Tony Pink Green Yellow Duck Dodge Movie Zoo Xiomara Eggs Marshmallows Umbrella Apple Panda Brush Handle Door Knob Mask Knife Speaker Wood Orient Love There is currently 100 names in the array! ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the name sorting program... From the following menu, select an option R - Read in names from a file for sorting E - Enter in names manually for sorting D - Display the current names in the array S - Sort the current names in the array C - Clear the current names in the array Q - Quit >> s Sorting the names contained in the array... Success! ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the name sorting program... From the following menu, select an option R - Read in names from a file for sorting E - Enter in names manually for sorting D - Display the current names in the array S - Sort the current names in the array C - Clear the current names in the array Q - Quit >> d The values in the array are: Aardvark Acrobat Apple Assembly Ben Black Bob Boobies Brain Brush C++ Canoodle Carbohydrate Cards Cat Cellphone Cheese Chocolate Color Countenance Crayons Dark Density Destruction Dodge Dog Door Dover Downe Dragon Duck Ecstatic Eggplant Eggs Eileen Elizebeth English Green Grove Handle Henpecked High Invariable Japan Java Jessica Justin Kenneth Knife Knob Lemon Light Liza Love Love Low Marshmallows Mask Mint Movie My Notes One Orient Ostrich Palpitate Panda Peace Pencil Penguin Phalanx Pills Pink Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis Pressure Primal Programming Rick Rolled Rondo Sam Scabbiest Scrumptious Silicon Speaker Sulk Sushi Temperature Titmouse Tony Twiat Umbrella Victoria White Widge Wood Xiomara Yellow Zebra Zoo There is currently 100 names in the array! ------------------------------------------------------------ Welcome to the name sorting program... From the following menu, select an option R - Read in names from a file for sorting E - Enter in names manually for sorting D - Display the current names in the array S - Sort the current names in the array C - Clear the current names in the array Q - Quit >> q
Saving the current contents of the array to the ouptut file.. Success!

C++ || Random Number Guessing Game Using Srand, Rand, & Do/While Loop

January 20, 2012 admin 2 Comments

This is a simple guessing game, which demonstrates the use of srand and rand to generate random numbers. This program first prompts the user to enter a number between 1 and 1000. Using if/else statements, the program will then check to see if the user inputted number is higher/lower than the pre defined random number which is generated by the program. If the user makes a wrong guess, the program will re prompt the user to enter in a new number, where they will have a chance to enter in a new guess. Once the user finally guesses the correct answer, using a do/while loop, the program will ask if they want to play again. If the user selects yes, the game will start over, and a new random number will be generated. If the user selects no, the game will end.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Srand Rand Modulus Ctime Do/While Loop

NOTE: On some compilers, you may have to add #include < cstdlib> in order for the code to compile.





		
		
			I'm Thinking of a Number Between 1 and 1000...
			
C++
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 20, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  guessingGame.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates a simple random number guessing game
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

int main() 
{
	// declare & initialize variables
	char playAgain = 'y';
	int userInput = 0;
	int numGuesses = 0;
	// Seed the random number generator with the current time so
     // the numbers will be different every time the program runs
	srand(time(NULL));
	int randomNumber = rand() % 1000+1;

	// display directions to user
	cout << "I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 1000. Go ahead and make your first guess.\n\n";
 
	do{ // this is the start of the do/while loop

		// get data from user
		cin >> userInput;
		
		// increments the 'numGuesses' variable each time the user 
		// gets the guess wrong
		++numGuesses;
		
		// if user guess is too high, do this code
		if(userInput > randomNumber) 
		{
			cout << "Too high! Think lower.\n";
		}

		// if user guess is too low, do this code
		else if(userInput < randomNumber) 
		{
			cout << "Too low! Think higher.\n";
		}

		// if user guess is correct, do this code
		else 
		{    // display data to user, prompt if user wants to play again
			cout << "You got it, and it only took you " << numGuesses 
				        <<" trys!\nWould you like to play again (y/n)? ";
			cin >> playAgain;

			// if user wants to play again then re initialize the variables 
			if(playAgain == 'y'|| playAgain =='Y') 
			{
				// creates a line seperator if user wants to enter new data
				cout<<endl;
				cout.fill('-');
				cout<<left<<setw(30)<<""<<right<<setw(30)<<""<<endl;

				numGuesses = 0;
				cout << "\n\nMake a guess (between 1-1000):\n\n";
				// generate a new random number for the user to try & guess
				randomNumber = rand() % 1000+1;
			}
		}
	}while(playAgain =='y' || playAgain =='Y');
     // ^ do/while loop ends when user doesnt select 'Y' 

	// display data to user
	cout<<"\n\nThanks for playing!!"<<endl;
     
     return 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 20, 2012
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  guessingGame.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates a simple random number guessing game
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <ctime>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
 
int main() 
{
	// declare & initialize variables
	char playAgain = 'y';
	int userInput = 0;
	int numGuesses = 0;
	// Seed the random number generator with the current time so
     // the numbers will be different every time the program runs
	srand(time(NULL));
	int randomNumber = rand() % 1000+1;
 
	// display directions to user
	cout << "I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 1000. Go ahead and make your first guess.\n\n";
 
	do{ // this is the start of the do/while loop
 
		// get data from user
		cin >> userInput;
		
		// increments the 'numGuesses' variable each time the user 
		// gets the guess wrong
		++numGuesses;
		
		// if user guess is too high, do this code
		if(userInput > randomNumber) 
		{
			cout << "Too high! Think lower.\n";
		}
 
		// if user guess is too low, do this code
		else if(userInput < randomNumber) 
		{
			cout << "Too low! Think higher.\n";
		}
 
		// if user guess is correct, do this code
		else 
		{    // display data to user, prompt if user wants to play again
			cout << "You got it, and it only took you " << numGuesses 
				        <<" trys!\nWould you like to play again (y/n)? ";
			cin >> playAgain;
 
			// if user wants to play again then re initialize the variables 
			if(playAgain == 'y'|| playAgain =='Y') 
			{
				// creates a line seperator if user wants to enter new data
				cout<<endl;
				cout.fill('-');
				cout<<left<<setw(30)<<""<<right<<setw(30)<<""<<endl;
 
				numGuesses = 0;
				cout << "\n\nMake a guess (between 1-1000):\n\n";
				// generate a new random number for the user to try & guess
				randomNumber = rand() % 1000+1;
			}
		}
	}while(playAgain =='y' || playAgain =='Y');
     // ^ do/while loop ends when user doesnt select 'Y' 
 
	// display data to user
	cout<<"\n\nThanks for playing!!"<<endl;
     
     return 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output:

I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 1000. Go ahead and make your first guess.
67 Too low! Think higher. 500 Too low! Think higher. 700 Too high! Think lower. 600 Too low! Think higher. 680 Too high! Think lower. 650 Too low! Think higher. 660 Too low! Think higher. 670 You got it, and it only took you 8 trys! Would you like to play again (y/n)? y ------------------------------------------------------------ Make a guess (between 1-1000): 500 Too low! Think higher. 600 Too low! Think higher. 700 Too low! Think higher. 900 Too high! Think lower. 800 Too high! Think lower. 760 Too high! Think lower. 740 Too high! Think lower. 720 Too high! Think lower. 700 Too low! Think higher. 710 Too high! Think lower. 705 Too high! Think lower. 701 Too low! Think higher. 702 Too low! Think higher. 703 Too low! Think higher. 704 You got it, and it only took you 15 trys! Would you like to play again (y/n)? n
Thanks for playing!!

C++ || Struct – Add One Day To Today’s Date Using A Struct

January 18, 2012 admin No comments

This program displays more practice using the structure data type, and is very similar to another program which was previously discussed here.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Functions Passing a Value By Reference Integer Arrays Structures Constant Variables Boolean Expressions

This program utilizes a struct, which is very similar to the class concept. This program first prompts the user to enter the current date in mm/dd/yyyy format. Upon obtaining the date from the user, the program then uses a struct implementation to simply add one day to the date which was entered by the user. If the day that was entered into the program by the user falls on the end of the month, the program will”roll over” the incremented date into the next month. If the user enters 12/31/2012, the program will “roll over” the incremented date into the next calendar year.

NOTE: On some compilers, you may have to add #include < cstdlib> in order for the code to compile.





		
		
			Whats Today's Date?
			
C++
			
			#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;

// struct declaration
struct Date
{
	int month;
	int day;
	int year;
};

// constants which do not change
// specifies the max values for each variable
const int MAX_DAYS = 31;
const int MAX_MONTHS = 12; 

// function prototypes
bool IsDateValid(Date dateVal);
void CalcNextDay(Date &dateVal);

int main()
{
	// initialize the structure: month, day, year
	Date dateVal = {1,18,2012};
	char backSlash = '/'; // this is a 'placeholder' variable
	
	// obtain information from user
	cout << "Please enter today's date in mm/dd/yyyy format: ";
	cin >> dateVal.month >> backSlash >> dateVal.day >> backSlash >> dateVal.year;
	
	// Checks to see if user entered valid data
	if (IsDateValid(dateVal) == false)
	{
		cout << "Invalid input...nProgram exiting...." << endl;
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	} 
	
	// function declaration which calculates the next day
	CalcNextDay(dateVal);

	// display updated data to user
	cout << "The next day is " << dateVal.month << "/" << dateVal.day << "/" << dateVal.year <<endl; 
	
	return 0;
}// end of main

	// this function checks to see if the user inputted valid data
bool IsDateValid(Date dateVal)
{
     // checks to see if user inputted data falls between the specified
     // const variables as declared above
     if ((dateVal.day >= 1 && dateVal.day <= MAX_DAYS)
          &&(dateVal.month >= 1 && dateVal.month <= MAX_MONTHS))
     {
          return true;
     }
     else
     {
          return false;
     }
}// end of IsDateValid 

	// this calculates the next day & updates values via reference
void CalcNextDay(Date &dateVal)
{
	// int array which holds the max date each month has
	// from January to December
	int maxDays[12]={31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
	
	// bool which lets the program know if the month the
	// user entered is a max month for the specific month
	// the user inputted
	bool maxDay = false;
	
	// checks to see if user inputted day is a max date from the 
	// above array for the currently selected month which 
	// was entered by the user
	if(dateVal.day == maxDays[dateVal.month-1])
	{
		dateVal.day = 1;
		++dateVal.month;
		maxDay = true;
	}

	// checks to see if user inputted a valid date
	// for the currently selected month
	else if (dateVal.day > maxDays[dateVal.month-1])
	{
		cout << "Invalid day input - There is no such date for the selected month.nProgram exiting...." << endl;
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	} 

	// if user didnt enter a max date, and the date is valid, increment the day
	else
	{
		++dateVal.day;
	}

	// if the date is 12/31/yyyy
	// increment to the next year
	if ((dateVal.month > 12)  && maxDay == true)
	{
		dateVal.month = 1;
		++dateVal.year;
	}
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						#include <iostream> 
using namespace std;
 
// struct declaration
struct Date
{
	int month;
	int day;
	int year;
};
 
// constants which do not change
// specifies the max values for each variable
const int MAX_DAYS = 31;
const int MAX_MONTHS = 12; 
 
// function prototypes
bool IsDateValid(Date dateVal);
void CalcNextDay(Date &dateVal);
 
int main()
{
	// initialize the structure: month, day, year
	Date dateVal = {1,18,2012};
	char backSlash = '/'; // this is a 'placeholder' variable
	
	// obtain information from user
	cout << "Please enter today's date in mm/dd/yyyy format: ";
	cin >> dateVal.month >> backSlash >> dateVal.day >> backSlash >> dateVal.year;
	
	// Checks to see if user entered valid data
	if (IsDateValid(dateVal) == false)
	{
		cout << "Invalid input...nProgram exiting...." << endl;
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	} 
	
	// function declaration which calculates the next day
	CalcNextDay(dateVal);
 
	// display updated data to user
	cout << "The next day is " << dateVal.month << "/" << dateVal.day << "/" << dateVal.year <<endl; 
	
	return 0;
}// end of main
 
	// this function checks to see if the user inputted valid data
bool IsDateValid(Date dateVal)
{
     // checks to see if user inputted data falls between the specified
     // const variables as declared above
     if ((dateVal.day >= 1 && dateVal.day <= MAX_DAYS)
          &&(dateVal.month >= 1 && dateVal.month <= MAX_MONTHS))
     {
          return true;
     }
     else
     {
          return false;
     }
}// end of IsDateValid 
 
	// this calculates the next day & updates values via reference
void CalcNextDay(Date &dateVal)
{
	// int array which holds the max date each month has
	// from January to December
	int maxDays[12]={31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
	
	// bool which lets the program know if the month the
	// user entered is a max month for the specific month
	// the user inputted
	bool maxDay = false;
	
	// checks to see if user inputted day is a max date from the 
	// above array for the currently selected month which 
	// was entered by the user
	if(dateVal.day == maxDays[dateVal.month-1])
	{
		dateVal.day = 1;
		++dateVal.month;
		maxDay = true;
	}
 
	// checks to see if user inputted a valid date
	// for the currently selected month
	else if (dateVal.day > maxDays[dateVal.month-1])
	{
		cout << "Invalid day input - There is no such date for the selected month.nProgram exiting...." << endl;
		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
	} 
 
	// if user didnt enter a max date, and the date is valid, increment the day
	else
	{
		++dateVal.day;
	}
 
	// if the date is 12/31/yyyy
	// increment to the next year
	if ((dateVal.month > 12)  && maxDay == true)
	{
		dateVal.month = 1;
		++dateVal.year;
	}
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output:
Note: The code was compiled 6 separate times to display the different outputs its able to produce

Please enter today's date in mm/dd/yyyy format: 1/18/2012 The next day is 1/19/2012 -------------------------------------------------------------------
Please enter today's date in mm/dd/yyyy format: 7/31/2012 The next day is 8/1/2012 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Please enter today's date in mm/dd/yyyy format: 2/28/2012 The next day is 3/1/2012 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Please enter today's date in mm/dd/yyyy format: 13/5/2012 Invalid input... Program exiting.... ------------------------------------------------------------------- Please enter today's date in mm/dd/yyyy format: 2/31/2012 Invalid day input - There is no such date for the selected month. Program exiting.... -------------------------------------------------------------------
Please enter today's date in mm/dd/yyyy format: 12/31/2012 The next day is 1/1/2013

C++ || Find The Day Of The Week You Were Born Using Functions, String, Modulus, If/Else, & Switch

January 12, 2012 admin No comments

Click Here For Updated Version Of Program

This program displays more practice using functions, modulus, if and switch statements.

REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE FOR THIS PROGRAM

Functions Strings Modulus If/Else Statements Switch Statements Knowledge of Leap Years A Calendar

This program prompts the user for their name, date of birth (month, day, year), and then displays information back to them via cout. Once the program obtains selected information from the user, it will use simple math to determine the day of the week in which the user was born, and determine the day of the week their current birthday will be for the current calendar year. The program will also display to the user their current age, along with re-displaying their name back to them.

NOTE: On some compilers, you may have to add #include < cstdlib> in order for the code to compile.





		
		
			When Were You Born?
			
C++
			
			#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

// a const variable containing the current year
const int CURRENT_YEAR = 2012;

// function prototypes
string GetNameOfMonth(int numOfMonth);
int GetLastTwoDigits(int fourDigitYear);
string GetDayOfWeek(int numOfMonth, int lastTwoDigits, int numOfDay, int fourDigitYear);

int main ()
{
	// declare variables
	string nameOfMonth = " ", dayOfWeek = " ", userName = " ", dayOfWeekCurrentYear = " " ;
	int numOfMonth=0, numOfDay=0, fourDigitYear=0, lastTwoDigits=0, lastTwoDigitsCurrentYear;
	
	// user inputs data
	cout << "Please enter your name: ";
	cin >> userName;

	cout << "nPlease enter the month in which you were born (between 1 and 12): ";
	cin >> numOfMonth;

	// converts the number the user inputted from above ^ 
	// into a literal month name (i.e month #1 = January)
	nameOfMonth = GetNameOfMonth(numOfMonth);
	
	// user inputs data
	cout << "nPlease enter the day you were born (between 1 and 31): ";
	cin >> numOfDay;
	
	// checks to see if user entered valid data 
	if (numOfDay < 1 || numOfDay > 31)
	{
		cout << "nYou have entered an invalid number of day. "
			<< "Please enter a valid number." << endl << endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	
	// user inputs data
	cout << "nPlease enter the year you were born (between 1900 and 2099): ";
	cin >>  fourDigitYear;
	cout << endl << endl;
	
	// checks to see if user entered valid data 
	if (fourDigitYear < 1900 || fourDigitYear > 2099)
	{
		cout << "You have entered an invalid year. "
			<< "Please enter a valid year." << endl << endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	
	// gets the las two digits in which the user was born
	// (i.e 1999: last two digits = 99)
	lastTwoDigits = GetLastTwoDigits(fourDigitYear);

	// gets the las two digits of the current year
	// (i.e 2012: last two digits = 12)
	lastTwoDigitsCurrentYear = GetLastTwoDigits(CURRENT_YEAR);

	// finds the day of the week in which the user was born
	dayOfWeek = GetDayOfWeek(numOfMonth, lastTwoDigits, numOfDay, fourDigitYear);

	// finds the day of the week the users current birthday will be this year
	dayOfWeekCurrentYear = GetDayOfWeek(numOfMonth, lastTwoDigitsCurrentYear, numOfDay, CURRENT_YEAR);
	
	// display data to user
	cout << "Hello " << userName <<". Here are some facts about you!" <<endl;
	cout << "You were born "<< nameOfMonth << numOfDay << " "<< fourDigitYear << endl;
	cout << "Your birth took place on a " << dayOfWeek << endl;
	cout << "This year your birthday will take place on a " << dayOfWeekCurrentYear << endl;
	cout << "You currently are, or will be " << (CURRENT_YEAR - fourDigitYear) << " years old this year!"<<endl;
	
	return 0;
}// end of main

	// converts the number the user inputted from above ^ 
	// into a literal month name (i.e month #1 = January)
string GetNameOfMonth(int numOfMonth)
{
	string nameOfMonth = " ";

	// a switch determining what month the user was born
	switch(numOfMonth)
	{
	case 1:
			nameOfMonth = "January ";
			break;
	case 2:
			nameOfMonth = "February ";
			break;
	case 3:
			nameOfMonth = "March ";
			break;
	case 4:
			nameOfMonth = "April ";
			break;
	case 5:
			nameOfMonth = "May ";
			break;
	case 6:
			nameOfMonth = "June ";
			break;
	case 7: 
			nameOfMonth = "July ";
			break;
	case 8:
			nameOfMonth = "August ";
			break;
	case 9:
			nameOfMonth = "September ";
			break;
	case 10:
			nameOfMonth = "October ";
			break;
	case 11:
			nameOfMonth = "November ";
			break;
	case 12:
			nameOfMonth = "December ";
			break;
	default:
			cout << "You have entered an invalid number of month. nPlease enter a valid number.n"
				<< "Program Terminating..";
			exit(1);
			break;
	}// end of switch

	return nameOfMonth ;
}// end of GetNamOfMonth

	// gets the las two digits in which the user was born/current year
int GetLastTwoDigits(int fourDigitYear)
{
	if (fourDigitYear >= 1900 && fourDigitYear <= 1999)
	{ 
		return (fourDigitYear - 1900);
	}
	
	else
	{
		return (fourDigitYear - 2000);
	}
}// end of GetLastTwoDigits

	// finds the day of the week in which the user was born/current year
string GetDayOfWeek(int numOfMonth, int lastTwoDigits, int numOfDay, int fourDigitYear)
{
	string dayOfWeek = " ";
	int Total = 0, valueOfMonth = 0;

	if (numOfMonth == 1)
                valueOfMonth = 1;
	else if (numOfMonth == 2)
                valueOfMonth = 4;
	else if (numOfMonth == 3)
                valueOfMonth = 4;
	else if (numOfMonth == 4)
                valueOfMonth = 0;
	else if (numOfMonth == 5)
                valueOfMonth = 2;
	else if (numOfMonth == 6)
                valueOfMonth = 5;
	else if (numOfMonth == 7)
                valueOfMonth = 0;
	else if (numOfMonth == 8)
                valueOfMonth = 3;
	else if (numOfMonth == 9)
                valueOfMonth = 6;
	else if (numOfMonth == 10)
                valueOfMonth = 1;
	else if (numOfMonth == 11)
                valueOfMonth = 4;
	else if (numOfMonth == 12)
                valueOfMonth = 6;
	else
		cout <<"nError";
	
	Total = lastTwoDigits / 4;
	Total += lastTwoDigits;
	Total += numOfDay;
	Total += valueOfMonth;
	
	// uses the 'Total' variable from above to determine the day 
	// of the week in which you were born
	if ((fourDigitYear > 2000)&&((numOfMonth != 1)&&(numOfMonth != 2))&&(fourDigitYear != 2004))
	{ 
		Total = Total + 6;
	}
	else  if ((fourDigitYear < 2000) && ((numOfMonth == 1) || (numOfMonth == 2)))
	{ 
		Total = Total + 7;
	}
	else if ((fourDigitYear == 2000) && ((numOfMonth == 1) || (numOfMonth == 2)))
	{
		Total = Total -2;
	}
	else if ((fourDigitYear == 2004||fourDigitYear == 2000)&&((numOfMonth != 1)&&(numOfMonth != 2)))
	{
		Total = Total -1;
	}
	else if ((fourDigitYear % 4 == 0) && (fourDigitYear % 100 == lastTwoDigits) && (fourDigitYear % 400 == lastTwoDigits))
	{
		Total = Total-2;
	}
	else if ((fourDigitYear > 2000)&&((numOfMonth == 1)||(numOfMonth == 2))&&(fourDigitYear != 2004))
	{
		Total = Total + 6;
	}

	// uses the 'Total' variable from above to determine the day 
	// of the week in which you were born/when you birthday will be this year
	if (Total % 7 == 1)
                dayOfWeek = "Sunday";
	else if (Total % 7 == 2)
                dayOfWeek = "Monday";
	else if (Total % 7 == 3)
                dayOfWeek = "Tuesday";
	else  if (Total % 7 == 4)
                dayOfWeek = "Wednesday";
	else if (Total % 7 == 5)
                dayOfWeek = "Thursday";
	else if (Total % 7 == 6)
                dayOfWeek = "Friday";
	else if (Total % 7 == 0)
                dayOfWeek = "Saturday";
	else
		cout<< "nError";

	return dayOfWeek;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
 
// a const variable containing the current year
const int CURRENT_YEAR = 2012;
 
// function prototypes
string GetNameOfMonth(int numOfMonth);
int GetLastTwoDigits(int fourDigitYear);
string GetDayOfWeek(int numOfMonth, int lastTwoDigits, int numOfDay, int fourDigitYear);
 
int main ()
{
	// declare variables
	string nameOfMonth = " ", dayOfWeek = " ", userName = " ", dayOfWeekCurrentYear = " " ;
	int numOfMonth=0, numOfDay=0, fourDigitYear=0, lastTwoDigits=0, lastTwoDigitsCurrentYear;
	
	// user inputs data
	cout << "Please enter your name: ";
	cin >> userName;
 
	cout << "nPlease enter the month in which you were born (between 1 and 12): ";
	cin >> numOfMonth;
 
	// converts the number the user inputted from above ^ 
	// into a literal month name (i.e month #1 = January)
	nameOfMonth = GetNameOfMonth(numOfMonth);
	
	// user inputs data
	cout << "nPlease enter the day you were born (between 1 and 31): ";
	cin >> numOfDay;
	
	// checks to see if user entered valid data 
	if (numOfDay < 1 || numOfDay > 31)
	{
		cout << "nYou have entered an invalid number of day. "
			<< "Please enter a valid number." << endl << endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	
	// user inputs data
	cout << "nPlease enter the year you were born (between 1900 and 2099): ";
	cin >>  fourDigitYear;
	cout << endl << endl;
	
	// checks to see if user entered valid data 
	if (fourDigitYear < 1900 || fourDigitYear > 2099)
	{
		cout << "You have entered an invalid year. "
			<< "Please enter a valid year." << endl << endl;
		exit(1);
	}
	
	// gets the las two digits in which the user was born
	// (i.e 1999: last two digits = 99)
	lastTwoDigits = GetLastTwoDigits(fourDigitYear);
 
	// gets the las two digits of the current year
	// (i.e 2012: last two digits = 12)
	lastTwoDigitsCurrentYear = GetLastTwoDigits(CURRENT_YEAR);
 
	// finds the day of the week in which the user was born
	dayOfWeek = GetDayOfWeek(numOfMonth, lastTwoDigits, numOfDay, fourDigitYear);
 
	// finds the day of the week the users current birthday will be this year
	dayOfWeekCurrentYear = GetDayOfWeek(numOfMonth, lastTwoDigitsCurrentYear, numOfDay, CURRENT_YEAR);
	
	// display data to user
	cout << "Hello " << userName <<". Here are some facts about you!" <<endl;
	cout << "You were born "<< nameOfMonth << numOfDay << " "<< fourDigitYear << endl;
	cout << "Your birth took place on a " << dayOfWeek << endl;
	cout << "This year your birthday will take place on a " << dayOfWeekCurrentYear << endl;
	cout << "You currently are, or will be " << (CURRENT_YEAR - fourDigitYear) << " years old this year!"<<endl;
	
	return 0;
}// end of main
 
	// converts the number the user inputted from above ^ 
	// into a literal month name (i.e month #1 = January)
string GetNameOfMonth(int numOfMonth)
{
	string nameOfMonth = " ";
 
	// a switch determining what month the user was born
	switch(numOfMonth)
	{
	case 1:
			nameOfMonth = "January ";
			break;
	case 2:
			nameOfMonth = "February ";
			break;
	case 3:
			nameOfMonth = "March ";
			break;
	case 4:
			nameOfMonth = "April ";
			break;
	case 5:
			nameOfMonth = "May ";
			break;
	case 6:
			nameOfMonth = "June ";
			break;
	case 7: 
			nameOfMonth = "July ";
			break;
	case 8:
			nameOfMonth = "August ";
			break;
	case 9:
			nameOfMonth = "September ";
			break;
	case 10:
			nameOfMonth = "October ";
			break;
	case 11:
			nameOfMonth = "November ";
			break;
	case 12:
			nameOfMonth = "December ";
			break;
	default:
			cout << "You have entered an invalid number of month. nPlease enter a valid number.n"
				<< "Program Terminating..";
			exit(1);
			break;
	}// end of switch
 
	return nameOfMonth ;
}// end of GetNamOfMonth
 
	// gets the las two digits in which the user was born/current year
int GetLastTwoDigits(int fourDigitYear)
{
	if (fourDigitYear >= 1900 && fourDigitYear <= 1999)
	{ 
		return (fourDigitYear - 1900);
	}
	
	else
	{
		return (fourDigitYear - 2000);
	}
}// end of GetLastTwoDigits
 
	// finds the day of the week in which the user was born/current year
string GetDayOfWeek(int numOfMonth, int lastTwoDigits, int numOfDay, int fourDigitYear)
{
	string dayOfWeek = " ";
	int Total = 0, valueOfMonth = 0;
 
	if (numOfMonth == 1)
                valueOfMonth = 1;
	else if (numOfMonth == 2)
                valueOfMonth = 4;
	else if (numOfMonth == 3)
                valueOfMonth = 4;
	else if (numOfMonth == 4)
                valueOfMonth = 0;
	else if (numOfMonth == 5)
                valueOfMonth = 2;
	else if (numOfMonth == 6)
                valueOfMonth = 5;
	else if (numOfMonth == 7)
                valueOfMonth = 0;
	else if (numOfMonth == 8)
                valueOfMonth = 3;
	else if (numOfMonth == 9)
                valueOfMonth = 6;
	else if (numOfMonth == 10)
                valueOfMonth = 1;
	else if (numOfMonth == 11)
                valueOfMonth = 4;
	else if (numOfMonth == 12)
                valueOfMonth = 6;
	else
		cout <<"nError";
	
	Total = lastTwoDigits / 4;
	Total += lastTwoDigits;
	Total += numOfDay;
	Total += valueOfMonth;
	
	// uses the 'Total' variable from above to determine the day 
	// of the week in which you were born
	if ((fourDigitYear > 2000)&&((numOfMonth != 1)&&(numOfMonth != 2))&&(fourDigitYear != 2004))
	{ 
		Total = Total + 6;
	}
	else  if ((fourDigitYear < 2000) && ((numOfMonth == 1) || (numOfMonth == 2)))
	{ 
		Total = Total + 7;
	}
	else if ((fourDigitYear == 2000) && ((numOfMonth == 1) || (numOfMonth == 2)))
	{
		Total = Total -2;
	}
	else if ((fourDigitYear == 2004||fourDigitYear == 2000)&&((numOfMonth != 1)&&(numOfMonth != 2)))
	{
		Total = Total -1;
	}
	else if ((fourDigitYear % 4 == 0) && (fourDigitYear % 100 == lastTwoDigits) && (fourDigitYear % 400 == lastTwoDigits))
	{
		Total = Total-2;
	}
	else if ((fourDigitYear > 2000)&&((numOfMonth == 1)||(numOfMonth == 2))&&(fourDigitYear != 2004))
	{
		Total = Total + 6;
	}
 
	// uses the 'Total' variable from above to determine the day 
	// of the week in which you were born/when you birthday will be this year
	if (Total % 7 == 1)
                dayOfWeek = "Sunday";
	else if (Total % 7 == 2)
                dayOfWeek = "Monday";
	else if (Total % 7 == 3)
                dayOfWeek = "Tuesday";
	else  if (Total % 7 == 4)
                dayOfWeek = "Wednesday";
	else if (Total % 7 == 5)
                dayOfWeek = "Thursday";
	else if (Total % 7 == 6)
                dayOfWeek = "Friday";
	else if (Total % 7 == 0)
                dayOfWeek = "Saturday";
	else
		cout<< "nError";
 
	return dayOfWeek;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

QUICK NOTES:
The highlighted lines are sections of interest to look out for.

The code is heavily commented, so no further insight is necessary. If you have any questions, feel free to leave a comment below.

Once compiled, you should get this as your output:
Note: The code was compiled five separate times to display the different outputs its able to produce

Please enter your name: MyProgrammingNotes Please enter the month in which you were born (between 1 and 12): 1 Please enter the day you were born (between 1 and 31): 1 Please enter the year you were born (between 1900 and 2099): 2012
Hello MyProgrammingNotes. Here are some facts about you! You were born January 1 2012 Your birth took place on a Sunday This year your birthday will take place on a Sunday You currently are, or will be 0 years old this year! --------------------------------------------------------------------- Please enter your name: Name Please enter the month in which you were born (between 1 and 12): 4 Please enter the day you were born (between 1 and 31): 2 Please enter the year you were born (between 1900 and 2099): 1957 Hello Name. Here are some facts about you! You were born April 2 1957 Your birth took place on a Tuesday This year your birthday will take place on a Monday You currently are, or will be 55 years old this year! --------------------------------------------------------------------- Please enter your name: Name Please enter the month in which you were born (between 1 and 12): 5 Please enter the day you were born (between 1 and 31): 7 Please enter the year you were born (between 1900 and 2099): 1999 Hello Name. Here are some facts about you! You were born May 7 1999 Your birth took place on a Friday This year your birthday will take place on a Monday You currently are, or will be 13 years old this year! --------------------------------------------------------------------- Please enter your name: Name Please enter the month in which you were born (between 1 and 12): 8 Please enter the day you were born (between 1 and 31): 4 Please enter the year you were born (between 1900 and 2099): 1983 Hello Name. Here are some facts about you! You were born August 4 1983 Your birth took place on a Thursday This year your birthday will take place on a Saturday You currently are, or will be 29 years old this year! --------------------------------------------------------------------- Please enter your name: Name Please enter the month in which you were born (between 1 and 12): 6 Please enter the day you were born (between 1 and 31): 7 Please enter the year you were born (between 1900 and 2099): 2987 You have entered an invalid year. Please enter a valid year. Press any key to continue . . .

C++ || Display Today’s Date Using a Switch

January 05, 2012 admin No comments

If statements, char’s and strings have been previously discussed, and this page will be more of the same. This program will demonstrate how to use a switch to display today’s date, converting from mm/dd/yyyy format to formal format (i.e January 5th, 2012).

This same program can easily be done using if statements, but sometimes that is not always the fastest programming method. Switch statements are like literal light switches because the code “goes down a line” to check to see which case is valid or not, just like if statements. You will see why switches are very effective when used right by examining this program.

NOTE: On some compilers, you may have to add #include < cstdlib> in order for the code to compile.

====== TODAY’S DATE USING A SWITCH ========

So to start our program out, lets define the variables.





		
		
			#1 - Declare Variables
			
C++
			
			#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	// Declare Variables
	int	month;
	int	day;
	int	year;
	char	backSlash;
}
			
				
					
				
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						#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	// Declare Variables
	int	month;
	int	day;
	int	year;
	char	backSlash;
}

Notice on line 9 there is a variable named “backslah.” This program was designed to display the date in this format.

Enter today's date: 10/7/2008 October 7th, 2008

So the only way to achieve that was to add a “place holder” variable during the user input process, which is demonstrated below.





		
		
			#2 - Get user Input
			
C++
			
				// Collect Data
	cout << "Enter today's date: ";
	cin >> month >> backSlash >> day >> backSlash >> year;
			
				
					
				
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3
				
							// Collect Data
	cout << "Enter today's date: ";
	cin >> month >> backSlash >> day >> backSlash >> year;

In line 3, you can see the format that the user will input the data in. They will input data in mm/dd/yyyy format, and having the “backslash” placeholder there will make that possible.

After the user enters in data, how will the program convert numbers into actual text? Next comes the switch statements.





		
		
			#3 - Switch Statement For Month
			
C++
			
				// Check month
	switch(month)
	{
	case 1:
		{
			cout << "tJanuary ";
			break;
		}
	case 2:
		{
			cout << "tFebruary ";
			break;
		}
	case 3:
		{
			cout << "tMarch ";
			break;
		}
	case 4:
		{
			cout << "tApril ";
			break;
		}
	case 5:
		{
			cout << "May ";
			break;
		}
	case 6:
		{
			cout << "tJune ";
			break;
		}
	case 7: 
		{
			cout << "tJuly ";
			break;
		}
	case 8:
		{
			cout << "tAugust ";
			break;
		}
	case 9:
		{
			cout << "tSeptember ";
			break;
		}
	case 10:
		{
			cout << "tOctober ";
			break;
		}
	case 11:
		{
			cout << "tNovember ";
			break;
		}
	case 12:
		{
			cout << "tDecember ";
			break;
		}
	default:
		{
			cout << "t" << month <<" is not a valid monthn";
			exit(1);  // this forces the program to quit
		}
	}
			
				
					
				
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							// Check month
	switch(month)
	{
	case 1:
		{
			cout << "tJanuary ";
			break;
		}
	case 2:
		{
			cout << "tFebruary ";
			break;
		}
	case 3:
		{
			cout << "tMarch ";
			break;
		}
	case 4:
		{
			cout << "tApril ";
			break;
		}
	case 5:
		{
			cout << "May ";
			break;
		}
	case 6:
		{
			cout << "tJune ";
			break;
		}
	case 7: 
		{
			cout << "tJuly ";
			break;
		}
	case 8:
		{
			cout << "tAugust ";
			break;
		}
	case 9:
		{
			cout << "tSeptember ";
			break;
		}
	case 10:
		{
			cout << "tOctober ";
			break;
		}
	case 11:
		{
			cout << "tNovember ";
			break;
		}
	case 12:
		{
			cout << "tDecember ";
			break;
		}
	default:
		{
			cout << "t" << month <<" is not a valid monthn";
			exit(1);  // this forces the program to quit
		}
	}

Line 2 contains the switch declaration, and its comparing the variable of “month” to the 12 different cases that is defined within the switch statement. So this piece of code will “go down the line” comparing to see if the user inputted data is any of the numbers, from 1 to 12. If the user inputted a number which does not fall between 1 thru 12, the “default” case will be executed, prompting the user that the data they inputted was invalid, which can be seen in line 64. Notice line 67 has an exit code. This program will force an exit whenever the user enters invalid data.

Line 7 is very important, because that forces the computer to “break” away from the selected case whenever it is done examining the piece of code. It is important to add the break in there to avoid errors, which may result in the program giving you wrong output as the answer.

Next we will add another switch statement to convert the day of the month to have a number suffix (i.e displaying the number in 1st, 2nd, 3rd format). This is very similar to the previous switch statement





		
		
			#4 - Switch Statement For Day
			
C++
			
				// Check Day
	switch(day)
	{
	case 1: case 21: case 31:
		{
			cout << day << "st, ";
			break;
		}
	case 2: case 22:
		{
			cout << day << "nd, ";
			break;
		}
	case 3: case 23:
		{
			cout << day << "rd, ";
			break;
		}
	default:
		{
			cout << day << "th, ";
			break;
		}
	}
			
				
					
				
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							// Check Day
	switch(day)
	{
	case 1: case 21: case 31:
		{
			cout << day << "st, ";
			break;
		}
	case 2: case 22:
		{
			cout << day << "nd, ";
			break;
		}
	case 3: case 23:
		{
			cout << day << "rd, ";
			break;
		}
	default:
		{
			cout << day << "th, ";
			break;
		}
	}

This block of code is very similar to the previous one. Line 2 is declaring the variable ‘day’ to be compared with the base cases, line 7 and so forth has the break lines, but line 4, 9 and 14 are different. If you notice, line 4, 9 and 14 are comparing multiple cases in one line. Yes with switch statements, you can do that. Just like you can compare multiple values in if statements, the same cane be done here. So this switch is comparing the number the user inputted, with the base cases, adding a suffix to the end of the number.

So far we have obtained data from the user, compared the month and day using switch statements and displayed that to the screen. Now all we have to do is output the year to the user. This is fairly simple, because the year is not being compared, you are just simply using a cout to display data to the user.





		
		
			#5 - Output Year To Screen
			
C++
			
				// Display Year
	cout << year << endl;
			
				
					
				
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							// Display Year
	cout << year << endl;

Adding all the code together should give us this





		
		
			#6 - Full Code - TodaysDate.cpp
			
C++
			
			#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	// Declare Variables
	int		month;
	int		day;
	int		year;
	char	backSlash;

	// Collect Data
	cout << "Enter today's date: ";
	cin >> month >> backSlash >> day >> backSlash >> year;

	// Check month
	switch(month)
	{
	case 1:
		{
			cout << "tJanuary ";
			break;
		}
	case 2:
		{
			cout << "tFebruary ";
			break;
		}
	case 3:
		{
			cout << "tMarch ";
			break;
		}
	case 4:
		{
			cout << "tApril ";
			break;
		}
	case 5:
		{
			cout << "May ";
			break;
		}
	case 6:
		{
			cout << "tJune ";
			break;
		}
	case 7: 
		{
			cout << "tJuly ";
			break;
		}
	case 8:
		{
			cout << "tAugust ";
			break;
		}
	case 9:
		{
			cout << "tSeptember ";
			break;
		}
	case 10:
		{
			cout << "tOctober ";
			break;
		}
	case 11:
		{
			cout << "tNovember ";
			break;
		}
	case 12:
		{
			cout << "tDecember ";
			break;
		}
	default:
		{
			cout << "t" << month <<" is not a valid monthn";
			exit(1);
		}
	}

	// Check Day
	switch(day)
	{
	case 1: case 21: case 31:
		{
			cout << day << "st, ";
			break;
		}
	case 2: case 22:
		{
			cout << day << "nd, ";
			break;
		}
	case 3: case 23:
		{
			cout << day << "rd, ";
			break;
		}
	default:
		{
			cout << day << "th, ";
			break;
		}
	}

	// Display Year
	cout << year << endl;

	// Terminate
	return 0;
} // http://programmingnotes.freeweq.com
			
				
					
				
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						#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	// Declare Variables
	int		month;
	int		day;
	int		year;
	char	backSlash;
 
	// Collect Data
	cout << "Enter today's date: ";
	cin >> month >> backSlash >> day >> backSlash >> year;
 
	// Check month
	switch(month)
	{
	case 1:
		{
			cout << "tJanuary ";
			break;
		}
	case 2:
		{
			cout << "tFebruary ";
			break;
		}
	case 3:
		{
			cout << "tMarch ";
			break;
		}
	case 4:
		{
			cout << "tApril ";
			break;
		}
	case 5:
		{
			cout << "May ";
			break;
		}
	case 6:
		{
			cout << "tJune ";
			break;
		}
	case 7: 
		{
			cout << "tJuly ";
			break;
		}
	case 8:
		{
			cout << "tAugust ";
			break;
		}
	case 9:
		{
			cout << "tSeptember ";
			break;
		}
	case 10:
		{
			cout << "tOctober ";
			break;
		}
	case 11:
		{
			cout << "tNovember ";
			break;
		}
	case 12:
		{
			cout << "tDecember ";
			break;
		}
	default:
		{
			cout << "t" << month <<" is not a valid monthn";
			exit(1);
		}
	}
 
	// Check Day
	switch(day)
	{
	case 1: case 21: case 31:
		{
			cout << day << "st, ";
			break;
		}
	case 2: case 22:
		{
			cout << day << "nd, ";
			break;
		}
	case 3: case 23:
		{
			cout << day << "rd, ";
			break;
		}
	default:
		{
			cout << day << "th, ";
			break;
		}
	}
 
	// Display Year
	cout << year << endl;
 
	// Terminate
	return 0;
} // http://programmingnotes.freeweq.com

Once compiled, you should get this as your output

Enter today's date: 1/5/2012 January 5th, 2012

C++ || Using If Statements, Char & String Variables

January 04, 2012 admin No comments

As previously mentioned, you can use the “int/float/double” data type to store numbers. But what if you want to store letters? Char and Strings help you do that.

==== SINGLE CHAR ====

This example will demonstrate a simple program using char, which checks to see if you entered the correctly predefined letter.





		
		
			Guess a letter
			
C++
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Feb 8, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  char.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates using char variables
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    // Declare empty variable
    char userInput = ' ';

    std::cout << "Please try to guess the letter I am thinking of: ";
    std::cin >> userInput;

    // Use an If Statement to check equality
    if (userInput == 'a' || userInput == 'A')
    {
        std::cout <<"\nYou have Guessed correctly!"<< std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout <<"\nSorry, that was not the correct letter I was thinking of"<< std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Feb 8, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  char.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates using char variables
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    // Declare empty variable
    char userInput = ' ';
 
    std::cout << "Please try to guess the letter I am thinking of: ";
    std::cin >> userInput;
 
    // Use an If Statement to check equality
    if (userInput == 'a' || userInput == 'A')
    {
        std::cout <<"\nYou have Guessed correctly!"<< std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout <<"\nSorry, that was not the correct letter I was thinking of"<< std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

Notice in line 13 I declare the char data type, naming it “userInput.” I also initialized it as an empty variable. In line 19 I used an “If/Else Statement” to determine if the user inputted value matches the predefined letter within the program. I also used the “OR” operator in line 19 to determine if the letter the user inputted was lower or uppercase. Try compiling the program simply using this
if (userInput == 'a') as your if statement, and notice the difference.

The resulting code should give this as output

Please try to guess the letter I am thinking of: K Sorry, that was not the correct letter I was thinking of

==== CHECK IF LETTER IS UPPER CASE ====

This example is similar to the previous one, and will check if a letter is uppercase.





		
		
			Is Input Uppercase?
			
C++
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Feb 8, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  uppercase.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates checking if a char variable is uppercase
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    // Declare empty variable
    char userInput = ' ';

    std::cout << "Please enter an UPPERCASE letter: ";
    std::cin >> userInput;

    // Checks to see if entered data falls between uppercase values
    if ((userInput >= 'A') && (userInput <= 'Z'))
    {
        std::cout << "\n" << userInput << " is an uppercase letter"<< std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout <<"\nSorry, "<< userInput <<" is not an uppercase letter"<< std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Feb 8, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  uppercase.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates checking if a char variable is uppercase
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    // Declare empty variable
    char userInput = ' ';
 
    std::cout << "Please enter an UPPERCASE letter: ";
    std::cin >> userInput;
 
    // Checks to see if entered data falls between uppercase values
    if ((userInput >= 'A') && (userInput <= 'Z'))
    {
        std::cout << "\n" << userInput << " is an uppercase letter"<< std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout <<"\nSorry, "<< userInput <<" is not an uppercase letter"<< std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

Notice in line 19, an If statement was used, which checked to see if the user entered data fell between letter A and letter Z. We did that by using the “AND” operator. So that IF statement is basically saying (in plain english)

IF ('userInput' is equal to or greater than 'A') AND ('userInput' is equal to or less than 'Z')
THEN it is an uppercase letter

C++ uses ASCII codes to determine letters, so from looking at the table, the letter ‘A’ would equal ASCII code number 65, letter ‘B’ would equal ASCII code number 66 and so forth, until you reach letter Z, which would equal ASCII code number 90. So in literal terms, the program is checking to see if the user input is between ASCII code number 65 thru 90. If it is, then the number is an uppercase letter, otherwise it is not.

The resulting code should give this as output

Please enter an UPPERCASE letter: G G is an uppercase letter

==== CHECK IF LETTER IS A VOWEL ====

This example will utilize more if statements, checking to see if the user inputted data is a vowel or not. This will be very similar to the previous example, utilizing the OR operator once again.





		
		
			Is Input a Vowel?
			
C++
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Feb 8, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  vowel.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates checking if a char variable is a vowel
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    // Declare empty variable
    char userInput = ' ';

    std::cout << "Please enter a vowel: ";
    std::cin >> userInput;

    // Checks to see if inputted data is A,E,I,O,U,Y
    if ((userInput == 'a')||(userInput == 'A')||(userInput == 'e')||
        (userInput == 'E')||(userInput == 'i')||(userInput == 'I')||
        (userInput == 'o')||(userInput == 'O')||(userInput == 'u')||
        (userInput == 'U')||(userInput == 'y')||(userInput == 'Y'))
    {
        std::cout <<"\nCorrect, "<< userInput <<" is a vowel!"<< std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout <<"\nSorry, "<< userInput <<" is not a vowel"<< std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Feb 8, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  vowel.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates checking if a char variable is a vowel
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    // Declare empty variable
    char userInput = ' ';
 
    std::cout << "Please enter a vowel: ";
    std::cin >> userInput;
 
    // Checks to see if inputted data is A,E,I,O,U,Y
    if ((userInput == 'a')||(userInput == 'A')||(userInput == 'e')||
        (userInput == 'E')||(userInput == 'i')||(userInput == 'I')||
        (userInput == 'o')||(userInput == 'O')||(userInput == 'u')||
        (userInput == 'U')||(userInput == 'y')||(userInput == 'Y'))
    {
        std::cout <<"\nCorrect, "<< userInput <<" is a vowel!"<< std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout <<"\nSorry, "<< userInput <<" is not a vowel"<< std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.org/

This program should be very straight forward, and its basically checking to see if the user inputted data is the letter A, E, I, O, U or Y.

The resulting code should give the following output

Please enter a vowel: O Correct, O is a vowel!

==== HELLO WORLD v2 ====

This last example will demonstrate using the string data type to print the line “Hello World!” to the screen.





		
		
			Hello World - String Version
			
C++
			
			// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Feb 8, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  string.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates using string variables
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main()
{
    // Declare empty variable
    std::string userInput = " ";

    std::cout << "Please enter a sentence: ";
    std::getline(std::cin, userInput);

    std::cout << "\nYou Entered: "<<userInput << std::endl;
    return 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.com
			
				
					
				
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						// ============================================================================
//    Author: Kenneth Perkins
//    Date:   Jan 4, 2012
//    Updated: Feb 8, 2021
//    Taken From: http://programmingnotes.org/
//    File:  string.cpp
//    Description: Demonstrates using string variables
// ============================================================================
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
int main()
{
    // Declare empty variable
    std::string userInput = " ";
 
    std::cout << "Please enter a sentence: ";
    std::getline(std::cin, userInput);
 
    std::cout << "\nYou Entered: "<<userInput << std::endl;
    return 0;
}// http://programmingnotes.com

Notice in line 10 we have to add “#include string” in order to use the getline function, which is used on line 17. Rather than just simply using the “cin” function, we used the getline function instead to read in data. That is because cin is unable to read entire sentences as input. So in line 17, the following code reads a line from the user input until a newline is entered.

The resulting code should give following output

Please enter a sentence: Hello World! You Entered: Hello World!

Tag Archives: if/else

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C++ || Using If Statements, Char & String Variables

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